开发评估交通管理质量、可靠性和效率的单一方法的前景广阔的研究领域

R. N. Gorbunov, Z. V. Gorbunova, V. Kolchin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

文章提出了利用地理信息数据提高交通管理效率的建议。研究的目的是确定有希望的研究领域,以制定使用相关标准评估交通管理质量、可靠性和效率的单一方法。作者从规范性文件的角度审查了这些标准,并指出有可能使用城市道路网络模型,以最低成本找到交通管理的最佳模式。由于之前的研究表明缺乏优化交通管理的单一方法和明确标准,因此建议不仅从技术角度,而且从管理理论所用方法的角度,全面考虑评估交通的可能性。作为评估交通管理效率指标的工具,提出了时间成本函数,即所有道路使用者的时间成本总和。要提高交通管理效率,就必须使该函数最小化。作者在研究了其他国家的道路交通运行原则后,确定了两种道路网络交通管理方法:机械方法和有机方法。机械方法的前提是所有道路使用者严格遵守规则,而有机方法的前提是能够偏离规则。作者介绍了伊尔库茨克市路网路段交通自我组织的实例,这是俄罗斯应用有机方法组织交通的一个范例。文章的结果是开发了几个有前景的研究领域,从而实现了交通管理可支配性、质量和效率指标的选择和要求的统一。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Promising Areas of Research for Developing Single Approaches to Assessing the Quality, Dependability and Efficiency of Traffic Management
The article provides proposals for improving the efficiency of traffic management using geoinformation data. The objective of the research is to identify promising areas of research to develop single approaches to assessing quality, dependability, and efficiency of traffic management using relevant criteria.The authors reviewed these criteria from the point of view of regulatory documentation and noted the possibility of using models of urban road networks to find optimal modes of managing traffic at minimal cost. Since previous studies showed the lack of single approaches and clear criteria for optimising traffic management, it was proposed to comprehensively consider the possibility of assessing traffic not only from a technical point of view, but also from the point of view of approaches used in management theory.As a tool of assessment of the efficiency indicators of traffic management, a time cost function was proposed, which is the sum of the time costs for all the road users. Increasing the efficiency of traffic management is achieved by minimising this function. It is also noted that when the time cost function is reduced, the material costs of road users, such as fuel costs, are reduced.Having examined the principles of functioning of road traffic in other countries, the authors identified two approaches to management of traffic on the road network: mechanistic and organic ones. Mechanistic approach presupposes strict respect of the rules by all the road users, while organic one presupposes the ability to deviate from the rules. The authors presented examples of selforganisation of traffic on sections of the road network of the city of Irkutsk, which is an example of application of an organic approach to organising traffic in Russia.The article results in development of several promising areas of research, due to which uniformity of approaches to selection and formation of requirements for indicators of depedability, quality and efficiency of traffic management can be achieved.
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