引起穆拉-德拉瓦-多瑙河生物圈保护区栎树叶斑病和炭疽病的 Tubakia spp.、Didymella macrostoma 和 Apiognomonia errabunda

M. Zlatković, Markus Sallmannshofer, Silvio Schueler, Thomas L. Cech, Milutin Djilas, Gernot Hoch, Katharina Lapin, N. Ogris, B. Piškur, K. Schwanda, S. Stojnić, M. Westergren, Saša Orlović
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引用次数: 0

摘要

穆拉-德拉瓦-多瑙河跨境联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区是欧洲保存最完好的湿地之一。保护区的河岸森林在生态系统功能中发挥着重要作用,而有梗栎树(Quercus robur)是这些森林的关键物种之一。近年来,保护区内的截干栎树叶片出现了坏死症状。病斑大小不一,有的呈圆形或不规则的红褐色至灰色小斑点,有的坏死面积较大,类似叶炭疽病,并沿着叶脉延伸。2021 年,在保护区的三个国家(即奥地利、斯洛文尼亚和塞尔维亚)采集了有症状的叶片,以确定这些病害的致病菌。从症状中获得真菌培养物,并通过形态学和 ITS rDNA、部分 LSU rDNA、tef 1-α、BT2、CAL、ACT 和 RPB2 基因的多焦点系统发育分析进行鉴定。经鉴定,这些真菌分别是 Tubakia dryina、Tubakia sp.(Tubakia dryinoides sensu lato)、Didymella macrostoma 和 Apiognomonia errabunda。通过接种一年生有梗橡树植株叶片进行的致病性测试表明,分离出的真菌引起的症状与在森林中看到的症状相同。据我们所知,这项研究是塞尔维亚乃至世界范围内首次报道 D. macrostoma 是截干栎叶斑病的病原菌。这也是在奥地利和塞尔维亚首次发现由 T. dryina 引起的截干栎 Tubakia 叶斑病。此外,Tubakia sp. 被证明是 Tubakia 叶斑病的另一种致病菌。此外,在奥地利和斯洛文尼亚,首次在有梗栎叶片上发现了由 A. errabunda 引起的栎炭疽病。在过去的十年中,有梗栎树面临着来自多种非生物和生物因素的日益严重的威胁,这导致了这些树木的衰退和缺乏自然再生。这项研究的结果加深了人们对河岸森林中有梗栎树衰退诱因的了解,对制定管理策略以应对这种衰退具有重要意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Tubakia spp., Didymella macrostoma and Apiognomonia errabunda causing leaf spot and anthracnose of Quercus robur in the Mura-Drava-Danube Biosphere Reserve
The Mura-Drava-Danube transboundary UNESCO Biosphere Reserve represents one of the best-preserved wetlands in Europe. The Reserve’s riparian forests play a significant role in ecosystem functioning and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) is one of the keystone species of these forests. In recent years, pedunculate oak trees in the Reserve displayed symptoms of necrotic lesions on their leaves. The lesions varied in size, from small, circular to irregular reddish brown to grayish spots to larger necrotic areas that resembled leaf anthracnose and extended along the leaf nerves. In 2021, symptomatic leaves were collected in three countries of the Reserve, i.e. Austria, Slovenia, and Serbia to identify the causative agents of these diseases. Fungal cultures were obtained from symptoms and identified using morphology and multilocus phylogenetic analyses of the ITS rDNA, partial LSU rDNA, tef 1-α, BT2, CAL, ACT, and RPB2 genes. The fungi were identified as Tubakia dryina, Tubakia sp. (Tubakia dryinoides sensu lato), Didymella macrostoma, and Apiognomonia errabunda. Pathogenicity tests done by inoculating the leaves of one-year old pedunculate oak plants revealed that the isolated fungi caused symptoms as those seen in the forest. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of D. macrostoma as the cause of pedunculate oak leaf spot disease in Serbia and worldwide. It is also the first finding of Tubakia leaf spot disease of pedunculate oak caused by T. dryina in Austria and Serbia. Moreover, Tubakia sp. was proven to be another causative agent of Tubakia leaf spot disease. Additionally, oak anthracnose caused by A. errabunda was found for the first time on pedunculate oak leaves in Austria and Slovenia. During the past decade, pedunculate oak trees have been facing increasing threats from multiple abiotic and biotic factors which has resulted in decline and absence of natural regeneration of these trees. The results of this study add to the understanding of the contributing factors to the decline of pedunculate oak in riparian forests and are important for the development of management strategies to counteract this decline.
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