重症监护室医生的职业倦怠综合征

V. E. Ironosov, K. V. Pshenisnov, Y. Aleksandrovich
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摘要

引言。急诊医学专家职业倦怠综合征(PBS)是现代医疗系统的全球性问题之一,因为它的存在对员工个人健康和整体医疗质量都有重大影响。研究目的是根据世界文献数据分析重症监护室医生职业倦怠综合征的风险因素、病程特点及其预防,以便在国内临床实践中消除这些因素。分析对象包括摘要数据库PubMed和电子图书馆中2017年至2023年间的122篇文献。检索关键词为:医护人员职业倦怠综合征、压力、人格、麻醉医师、重症监护医师、重症监护病房。在对摘要进行初步研究后,有72篇文章被排除在综述之外,因为这些文章无法获得全文,或者是专门讨论组织预防措施的。重症监护室专家中职业倦怠综合征的发生率约为 40%,明显高于其他医疗专家。研究显示,职业倦怠综合征是中年专家因高级神经活动功能变化而出现的危机时期。重症监护室护理人员是罹患 PBS 概率最高的主要风险群体。工作量大、工作积极性低、对职业活动不满意、个人成就得不到同事和管理层的认可,这些都是导致情感倦怠综合征的主要风险因素。高水平的专业精神与专家个人生活中的精神和道德因素相结合,并消除危重症医学中可逆的负面因素,将极有可能预防职业倦怠综合征的发生。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Professional burnout syndrome among physicians of intensive care units
Introduction. Professional burnout syndrome (PBS) in specialists in emergency medicine is one of the global problems of modern health systems, since its presence has a significant impact both on the health of individual employees and the quality of care in general.The objective was to analyze risk factors, peculiarities of the course of professional burnout syndrome and its prevention among physicians of intensive care units based on the data of world literature in order to eliminate them in domestic clinical practice.Materials and methods. The analysis includes 122 publications from abstract databases PubMed and e-library for the period from 2017 to 2023. The search was carried out using keywords: provider burnout syndrome, stress, personality, anesthesiologist, intensive care physician, intensive care unit. After the initial study of abstracts, 72 articles were excluded from the review, where there was no access to the full text or they were devoted to organizational preventive measures.Results. The frequency of professional burnout syndrome among specialists of intensive care units was about 40%, which was significantly higher compared to other medical specialists. It was revealed that PBS is a crisis period in middle-aged specialists due to functional changes in higher nervous activity. The main risk group with the highest probability of developing PBS is the intensive care unit nursing staff. A significant workload combined with a low level of motivation, dissatisfaction with professional activities and the lack of recognition of personal achievements by colleagues and management are key risk factors for the development of emotional burnout syndrome.Conclusion. A high level of professionalism in combination with the spiritual and moral component of the personal life of a specialist and the elimination of reversible negative factors of the medicine of critical conditions will allow with a high probability to prevent the development of professional burnout syndrome.
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