利用扩展的能效核算方法设计多时段可持续城市固体废物管理系统 - 上海案例研究

Jianrui Liu, H. Kua, Chi-Hwa Wang, Yen Wah Tong, Jingxin Zhang, Yinghong Peng
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摘要

废物变能源技术可以极大地改变城市的新陈代谢和可持续性。本文提出了一个基于扩展放能核算方法的多标准分析框架,从城市新陈代谢的角度评估和规划可持续的城市固体废物管理系统。该框架包括三个部分。首先,建立了一个综合物质、能源、社会、经济和环境标准的核算模型,以确定城市固体废物管理系统对城市可持续发展的贡献,并决定其是否可持续。然后,建立了一个多时期城市固体废物管理系统规划模型,为不同时期的垃圾发电设施部署和城市固体废物分配提供最优策略。最后,提出了多维指标,从过度部署、城市生态系统压力和城市资源转化效率三个方面进行可持续性比较分析。我们将所提出的方法应用于上海家庭固体废物管理的案例研究,并考虑了两种情景。比较结果表明,从理论上讲,混合方案(多种垃圾回收技术同时应用)在材料投资、排放、经济效益、资源损耗和回收方面的可持续性明显高于焚烧方案。我们对三个参数进行了敏感性分析--每个单位垃圾发电设施的最大部署数量([计算公式:见正文])、最低利用率([计算公式:见正文])和产能预算([计算公式:见正文])。研究发现,拟议的混合方法对[公式:见正文]很敏感,但对[公式:见正文]和[公式:见正文]的敏感度较低。汲取的经验教训可用于规划其他国家类似的废物变能源战略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Designing a sustainable municipal solid waste management system over multiple periods using extended exergy accounting method – a case study of Shanghai
Waste-to-energy technologies can significantly alter urban metabolism and sustainability. This article proposes a multicriteria analysis framework based on the extended exergy accounting method to assess and plan a sustainable municipal solid waste management system from urban metabolism perspective. This framework includes three components. Firstly, an accounting model that integrates material, energy, social, economic, and environmental criteria was developed to identify the contribution of municipal solid waste management system to urban sustainability and to decide whether it is sustainable. Then, a multiperiod municipal solid waste management system planning model was developed to provide the optimal strategy for waste-to-energy facilities deployment and municipal solid waste allocation for different periods. Finally, multidimensional indicators were proposed for a sustainability comparative analysis in overdeployment, pressure on urban ecosystem and urban resource conversion efficiency. The proposed method was applied to the case study of household solid waste management in Shanghai and two scenarios were considered. Our comparison showed that the hybrid scenario (in which various waste recycling technologies were applied together) theoretically performs significantly more sustainable than the incineration scenario in terms of material investment, emissions, economic performance, resource depletion, and recovery. Sensitivity analysis of three parameters—the maximum deployment number of each unit waste-to-energy facility ([Formula: see text]), the minimum utilization rate ([Formula: see text]), and the capacity budget ([Formula: see text])—were carried out. The proposed hybrid method was found to be sensitive to [Formula: see text], but less sensitive to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Lessons learnt can be used to plan similar waste-to-energy strategies in other countries.
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