确定相关聚合物的概念框架

Sangwon Suh, A. Boulay, Peter Fantke, Dingsheng Li, Dilip Menon, Raoul Meys, Llorenç Milà i Canals
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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着全球日益关注塑料对环境和人类健康的影响,采取有效监管措施的紧迫性显而易见。联合国环境大会倡议通过塑料污染问题政府间谈判委员会(INC)制定一项具有法律约束力的国际文书,这标志着向解决这一问题迈出了重要一步。然而,塑料种类繁多,用途各异,这给确定最关键的监管目标带来了复杂的挑战。本研究以现有文献为基础,概述了识别 "关注聚合物"(PoC)的潜在关键标准。我们建议对 "关注点"(PoC)进行双重定义,既要考虑(1)塑料的类型,又要考虑(2)聚合物在整个生命周期中对环境和人类健康的影响。我们认识到目前对塑料在整个生命周期中的全方位影响的理解还存在差距,因此建议采用一种预防性方法,将进入自然生态系统的塑料数量与其在文献中报告的生命周期影响一并考虑在内。然后,我们提出了一些主要聚合物类型和应用的现有评估数据。我们建议政策制定者研究一系列广泛的战略,不仅包括禁令和逐步淘汰,还包括经济激励、创新以及重新设计塑料材料和产品,以减轻持久性有机污染物的不利影响。我们进一步强调了全面评估替代材料的可行性、成本以及环境、社会和经济影响的重要性,以避免 "令人遗憾的替代"。最后,我们确定了现有的知识差距,并强调有必要开展进一步的研究,以完善识别有害化学物质的拟议标准。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Conceptual framework for identifying polymers of concern
With the increasing global concern over plastics' environmental and human health impacts, the urgency for effective regulatory measures is evident. The UN Environment Assembly's initiative to establish an international, legally binding instrument via the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) on Plastic Pollution marks a significant step toward addressing this issue. However, the vast diversity of plastic types and their myriad applications present a complex challenge in pinpointing the most critical targets for regulation. This study builds on the existing body of literature to outline potential key criteria for identifying Polymers of Concern (PoC). We recommend a dual-focused definition of PoCs considering both (1) the type of the plastics and (2) their domain of applications based on the environmental and human health impacts throughout the polymer's life cycle. Recognizing the current gaps in our understanding of the full spectrum of plastics' impacts across their life cycles, we suggest adopting a precautionary approach that factors in the volume of plastics entering natural ecosystems alongside their life cycle impacts as reported in the literature. We then bring forward existing data on the assessment of some of the main polymer types and applications. We propose that policymakers examine a wide spectrum of strategies including not only bans and phaseouts but also economic incentives, innovation, and the redesign of plastic materials and products to mitigate the adverse impacts of PoCs. We further emphasize the importance of thoroughly assessing the feasibility, costs, and environmental, social and economic implications of alternative materials to avoid “regrettable substitution.” We conclude by identifying existing knowledge gaps and emphasizing the need for further research to refine the proposed criteria for identifying PoCs.
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