优化核果作物的克隆微繁殖

M. Markova, E. Somova
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摘要

研究的目的是通过使用改良技术优化石材作物的克隆微繁殖。体外培养阶段的研究对象是分生组织先端,微繁殖阶段的研究对象是微芽,生根阶段的研究对象是生根微芽,适应阶段的研究对象是微型植物。所有实验都是以草原樱桃品种 "Shchedraya"、国产李子品种 "Kazanskaya "和杂交甜樱桃品种 "Fatezh "为例,按照公认的方法进行的。研究结果发现,使用 10 % 的洗必泰溶液对核果类作物的初始植株材料进行消毒,可使先端成活率平均提高 2.4 %;在营养液中结合使用生长调节剂 6-苄基氨基嘌呤 0.5 mg/l、赤霉素 0.2 mg/l、吲哚-2-基-3-丁酸 (IBA) 0.在营养培养基中添加 2 毫克/升的赤霉素和 0.2 毫克/升的吲哚-3-丁酸,并在最后一个增殖期使用实验性二极管脉冲植物辐照器,可激活微芽的增殖,使石材作物 6 个增殖期的繁殖系数平均提高 0.9 个/株;在营养培养基中添加 1.0 毫克/升的 IBA,可使石材作物微芽的生根能力平均提高 9.6%。在石材作物的微植株适应阶段,喷洒 8% 的大蜡蛾幼虫产物提取物溶液,并使用混合光谱的 LED 脉冲植物辐照实验装置,可使其成活率平均提高 12.4%。使用生长调节剂和试验性混合光谱 LED 脉冲植物辐照仪进行石材作物克隆微繁殖的改良方法,使标准适配微型植物的产量提高了 2 倍。同时,一株改良微型植物的成本平均降低了 11.4 卢布,获得改良石材作物材料的收益率提高了 33.7%,达到 160.7%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Optimization of clonal micropropagation of stone fruit crops
The aim of the research was to optimize the clonal micropropagation of stone crops through the use of improved techniques. The objects of the research at the stage of introduction into culture in vitro were meristematic apexes, at the stage of micro-propagation itself – micro-shoots, at the rooting stage – rooted micro-shoots, at the adaptation stage – micro-plants. All experiments were carried out according to generally accepted methods using the example of the steppe cherry variety Shchedraya, the domestic plum variety Kazanskaya and the hybrid sweet cherry Fatezh. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of a 10 % chlorhexidine solution for sterilization of the initial plant material of stone crops increased the survival rate of apexes on average by 2.4 %; the combined use of growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine 0.5 mg/l, gibberellic acid 0.2 mg/l, indo-lil-3-butyric acid (IBA) 0.2 mg/l in a nutrient medium and an experimental diode pulsed phytoirradiator in the last proliferation passage activated the proliferation of micro-shoots, increasing the reproduction coefficient of stone crops in 6 passages by an average of 0.9 pcs/explant; the addition of 1.0 mg/l (IBA ) to the nutrient medium provided an increase in the rooting capacity of micro-shoots of stone crops by an average of 9.6 %. The treatment of micro-plants of stone crops at the stage of adaptation by spraying with an 8 % solution of the extract of the products of the larvae of the large wax moth and the use of an experimental LED pulsed phytoirradiator with a mixed spectrum contributed to an increase in their survival rate by an average of 12.4 %. Compliance with the proposed improved methods of clonal micropropagation of stone crops using growth regulators and an experimental LED pulse phytoirradiator with a mixed spectrum made it possible to increase the yield of standard adapted micro-plants by 2 times. At the same time, the cost of one adapted micro-plant decreased by an average of 11.4 rubles, and the profitability of obtaining improved stone crop material increased by 33.7 % and amounted to 160.7 %.
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