N. V. Rudnitsky 东北联邦农业研究中心培育的冬季黑麦品种的免疫结构和产量

L. Shchekleina, T. Sheshegova, E. Utkina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

该研究于 2019-2023 年在基洛夫地区的条件下进行。在雪霉病、根腐病、麦角病、白粉病、叶锈病和茎锈病的诱发和传染性背景下,对 73 年间培育的 15 个冬季黑麦品种的免疫状态和产量进行了研究。考虑到育种方法、使用的原材料和创建年份,这些品种有条件地分布在五个连续的育种和品种变化时期:I - Vyatka 2、Kirovskaya 89;II - Falenskaya 4、Snezhana、Rushnik;III - Flora、Grafinya、Batist;IV - Lika、Talitsa;V - Symphoniya、Garmoniya、Graphit、Graphit FP、Perepel。在记录疾病时,采用了众所周知的方法。研究表明,作为育种的结果,在人工感染背景下,新培育的品种根腐病(Flora、Perepel、Garmoniya - 危害程度分别为 14.6、15.5 和 15.0 %)和麦角病(Flora、Grafinya、Batist、Lika、Symphoniya、Graphit FP、Garmoniya - 危害程度为 11.4...15.9 %)发病率有所下降,谷粒受硬菌污染率为 0.38...1.84 %。I 期育种品种的根腐病感染率为 18.8%,麦角病感染率为 31.7%。抗白粉病和锈病的育种工作没有进展。产量最高的品种是 Lika 和 Batist(769.3 克/平方米和 738.7 克/平方米),大大超过了 Falenskaya 4 标准(578.8 克/平方米)。结果表明,冬季黑麦品种的产量与雪霉菌感染后植株重新生长(r = 0.693...0.830)以及谷粒受硬壳菌污染(r = -0.531...-0.712)之间存在密切而显著的依赖关系(p ≥ 095)。冬黑麦的产量与其他研究病害的发生之间的关系不明显,而且很弱。考虑到雪霉病和麦角病在研究地区的高危害性,有必要继续针对这些特性进行品种改良,并提高对白粉病和锈病的抗性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Immunological structure and yield of winter rye varieties bred by the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky
The study was carried out in the conditions of Kirov region in 2019–2023. Against provocative and infectious backgrounds of snow mold, root rot, ergot, powdery mildew, leaf and stem rust, the immunological state and yield of 15 varieties of winter rye created over a 73-year period were studied. Taking into account the breeding methods, the source material used and the year of creation, they were conditionally distributed over five successive periods of breeding and variety change: I – Vyatka 2, Kirovskaya 89; II – Falenskaya 4, Snezhana, Rushnik; III – Flora, Grafinya, Batist; IV – Lika, Talitsa; V – Symphoniya, Garmoniya, Graphit, Graphit FP, Perepel. When recording diseases, well-known methods were used. Research has shown that as a result of breeding, on artificial infectious backgrounds newly created varieties showed a decrease in the development of root rot (Flora, Perepel, Garmoniya – degree of damage 14.6, 15.5 and 15.0 %) and ergot (Flora, Grafinya, Batist, Lika, Symphoniya, Graphit FP, Garmoniya – damage 11.4...15.9 %), grain contamination with sclerotia – 0.38...1.84 %. In varieties of the I period of breeding the degree of root rot infection was 18.8 %, ergot infection – 31.7 %. There is no progress in breeding for resistance to powdery mildew and rust types. The most productive varieties are Lika and Batist (769.3 and 738.7 g/m2), which significantly exceed the Falenskaya 4 standard (578.8 g/m2). A close and significant dependence (p ≥ 095) was revealed between the yield of winter rye varieties and regrowth of plants after snow mold infection (r = 0.693...0.830) as well as grain contamination with sclerotia (r = -0.531...-0.712). The relationship between the yield of winter rye and the development of other studied diseases is insignificant and weak. Considering the high harmfulness of snow mold and ergot in the research region, it is necessary to continue to carry out breeding improvement of varieties for these characteristics, as well as to increase resistance to powdery mildew and types of rust.
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