发育因素在乳牙发育不全中的作用以及儿童牙科实践中的具体治疗方法

F. A. Khafizova, E. R. Sharifullina, D. M. Khaliullin, E. R. Akhmetzyanova, K. R. Gabdrafikova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

相关性。先天性和全身性疾病可导致珐琅质器官的发育错误,造成珐琅质发育不全等异常。这些缺陷的高发病率说明牙齿很容易受到宫内和出生后环境变化的影响。与正常珐琅质相比,珐琅质发育不全会使珐琅质变得更薄、更容易被牙菌斑附着、更不耐酸,从而导致龋齿和牙齿磨损。受影响的硬组织表面光滑,呈对称分布。儿童釉质发育不全是导致龋齿发生的重要因素,因此需要儿童牙医进行综合治疗和持续的预防护理。分析导致儿童乳牙发育不全的因素对这种情况发生频率的影响,以及儿童牙医治疗这种情况的具体方法。研究涉及喀山(伏尔加地区)联邦大学牙科和种植系对 4-12 岁儿童进行的为期 12 个月的检查和治疗。在 972 名儿童中,有 67 名被诊断为全身性牙釉质发育不全。为统计研究编制了一份调查问卷,并使用Statistica 7.0软件Statistica 7.0 (StatSoft, США)对数据进行了处理。调查显示,16.42%的母亲患有慢性疾病。在怀孕期间,68.6%的母亲看了一次牙医,31.3%的母亲看了两到三次牙医。大多数母亲在怀孕前半期和后半期都经历过早期妊娠毒血症,前者占 67%,后者占 58.2%。此外,50.7%的母亲患有急性呼吸道病毒感染和流感,25.4%的母亲患有胃肠道疾病。68.7%的病例采用母乳喂养,31.3%采用人工喂养(3 个月以下--16.4%,1 岁以下--64.1%,2 岁以下--19.4%)。对 67 名全身发育不全儿童的口腔进行检查后发现,79.1% 的病例为斑点型,20.9% 的病例为纯破坏型。当代保守牙科强调以微创方法治疗此类牙齿缺陷。对儿童乳牙发育不全的研究强调了孕妇健康状况和及时清洁口腔的重要性。应特别注意孕产妇的传染病,尤其是流感和急性呼吸道感染。研究结果突出表明,有必要从怀孕计划开始就对暂时性牙齿发育不良采取预防措施,以提高儿童的牙齿健康水平。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The role of developmental factors in hypoplasia of deciduous teeth and treatment specifics in pediatric dental practice
Relevance. Congenital and systemic diseases can lead to developmental errors in the enamel organ, resulting in anomalies such as enamel hypoplasia. The high prevalence of these defects illustrates the vulnerability of teeth to changes in the intrauterine and postnatal environments. Enamel hypoplasia contributes to the development of caries and tooth wear by making enamel thinner, more retentive to dental plaque, and less resistant to acid degradation compared to normal enamel. Surfaces of the affected hard tissues are smooth and exhibit a symmetric distribution pattern. The occurrence of enamel hypoplasia in children is a significant factor in the development of caries; thus, they require comprehensive treatment and ongoing preventive care by a pediatric dentist.Purpose. To analyze the impact of factors contributing to the development of deciduous teeth hypoplasia in children, on the frequency of this condition and the specifics of its treatment by a pediatric dentist.Materials and Methods. The study involved the examination and treatment of children aged 4-12 at the Dental and Implantology Department of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University over a 12-month period. Out of 972 children, 67 were diagnosed with systemic enamel hypoplasia. A questionnaire was developed for statistical research, and data were processed using Statistica 7.0 software Statistica 7.0 (StatSoft, США).Results. The survey revealed chronic diseases in 16.42% of mothers. During pregnancy, 68.6% of the mothers visited a dentist once, and 31.3% visited two to three times. Most mothers experienced early pregnancy toxemia—67% in the first half and 58.2% in the second half of the pregnancy. Additionally, 50.7% suffered from acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, and 25.4% had gastrointestinal diseases. Feeding practices involved breastfeeding in 68.7% of cases and artificial feeding in 31.3% (up to 3 months – 16.4%, up to 1 year – 64.1%, up to 2 years – 19.4%). Examination of the oral cavity in 67 children with systemic hypoplasia revealed a spotted form in 79.1% of cases and a purely destructive form in 20.9% of cases. Contemporary conservative dentistry emphasizes minimally invasive approaches to the treatment of such dental defects.Conclusion. The study of deciduous tooth hypoplasia in children highlighted the importance of the health status of the expectant mother and timely sanitation of the oral cavity. Particular attention should be paid to maternal infectious diseases, specifically influenza and ARVI. The findings underscore the need for preventive measures against temporary tooth hypoplasia from the onset of pregnancy planning to enhance the dental well-being of children.
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