Nazanin Falconer PhD, FANZCAP (Research), Ian Scott MBBS, FRACP, MHA, MEd, Michael Barras PhD, FANZCAP (Lead&Mgmt, Research)
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These new tools can support busy pharmacists by automating tedious tasks and discerning clinical scenarios warranting pharmacist intervention.</p><p>This editorial highlights considerations relating to AI/ML technologies applied to medicine management in Australian hospitals, drawing insights from local experience in designing and evaluating a ML dosing algorithm for unfractionated heparin (UFH).</p><p>Risk prediction algorithms are common, such as the CHADS-VASc and HAS-BLED scores, developed using conventional statistical (regression) methods. But with the availability of ‘big data’ from EHRs within multiple hospitals, clinician researchers, data scientists, and informaticians can now collaborate to develop more accurate real-time predictive algorithms using AI/ML. Some examples include predicting an individual’s likelihood of a medication-related hospital readmission, suffering a bleed with anticoagulant therapy, or rapid deterioration due to undertreated illness. Detecting and treating these conditions can optimise patient outcomes.</p><p>The ultimate question is whether AI tools enable clinicians to work smarter and more efficiently, save healthcare costs, and render patient care more effective and safe. Machines don’t tire and are not influenced by emotions, and they can learn and process vast amounts of information faster and more accurately than humans. But human oversight and judgement remains crucial in ensuring the appropriate design and use of algorithms and monitoring their performance. Machines exist to augment, not usurp, clinician decision-making, empowering pharmacists to focus more on empathic patient interactions, education, and counselling and fostering interprofessional healthcare delivery; integral care components for which no machine can substitute.</p><p>The future of hospital pharmacy is undeniably intertwined with the evolution of AI, and we should embrace and lead the agenda in using them as supportive tools to enhance our clinical practice.</p><p>The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p><p>Conceptualisation: NF, IS, MB. Investigation: NF. Writing — original draft: NF, IS, MB. Writing — review and editing: NF, IS, MB.</p><p>Ethical approval was not required for this editorial as it did not contain any human data or participants.</p><p>Not commissioned, not externally peer reviewed.</p><p>This editorial received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research","volume":"54 2","pages":"107-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jppr.1922","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Powered by AI: advancing towards artificial intelligence algorithms in Australian hospital pharmacy\",\"authors\":\"Nazanin Falconer PhD, FANZCAP (Research), Ian Scott MBBS, FRACP, MHA, MEd, Michael Barras PhD, FANZCAP (Lead&Mgmt, Research)\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/jppr.1922\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Imagine hospitals where clinicians can quickly and accurately identify patients at risk of medication harm and why. 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These new tools can support busy pharmacists by automating tedious tasks and discerning clinical scenarios warranting pharmacist intervention.</p><p>This editorial highlights considerations relating to AI/ML technologies applied to medicine management in Australian hospitals, drawing insights from local experience in designing and evaluating a ML dosing algorithm for unfractionated heparin (UFH).</p><p>Risk prediction algorithms are common, such as the CHADS-VASc and HAS-BLED scores, developed using conventional statistical (regression) methods. But with the availability of ‘big data’ from EHRs within multiple hospitals, clinician researchers, data scientists, and informaticians can now collaborate to develop more accurate real-time predictive algorithms using AI/ML. Some examples include predicting an individual’s likelihood of a medication-related hospital readmission, suffering a bleed with anticoagulant therapy, or rapid deterioration due to undertreated illness. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
想象一下,在医院里,临床医生可以快速、准确地识别有用药风险的病人,并找出原因。过去十年间,电子健康记录(EHR)和决策支持系统应运而生,而人工智能支持的机器学习(ML)预测模型和大型语言模型也已出现,有望极大地协助临床决策并改善患者预后。例如,人工智能可以预测药代动力学复杂药物的最佳剂量1 ,并在编码的出院数据中识别药物不良反应。这篇社论强调了将人工智能/ML 技术应用于澳大利亚医院药物管理的相关注意事项,并从当地设计和评估非小量肝素(UFH)ML 剂量算法的经验中汲取了深刻的见解。但是,随着来自多家医院电子病历的 "大数据 "的可用性,临床研究人员、数据科学家和信息学家现在可以合作使用人工智能/ML 开发更准确的实时预测算法。其中一些例子包括预测个人因药物相关原因再次入院的可能性、抗凝治疗导致出血的可能性,或因疾病治疗不及时而导致病情迅速恶化的可能性。最终的问题是,人工智能工具是否能让临床医生更智能、更高效地工作,节省医疗成本,使患者护理更有效、更安全。机器不会疲倦,也不会受情绪影响,它们可以比人类更快、更准确地学习和处理大量信息。但是,人类的监督和判断对于确保算法的适当设计和使用以及监控其性能仍然至关重要。不可否认,医院药学的未来与人工智能的发展息息相关,我们应该接受并引领将其作为辅助工具的议程,以提高我们的临床实践水平:NF, IS, MB.调查:调查:NF。写作--原稿:NF, IS, MB.写作--审阅和编辑:NF、IS、MB:本社论不包含任何人类数据或参与者,因此无需获得伦理批准。本社论未接受委托,未经外部同行评审。本社论未从公共、商业或非营利部门的任何资助机构获得特定资助。
Powered by AI: advancing towards artificial intelligence algorithms in Australian hospital pharmacy
Imagine hospitals where clinicians can quickly and accurately identify patients at risk of medication harm and why. This is what artificial intelligence (AI) promises, and it’s closer than we think.
While the past decade brought electronic health records (EHRs) and decision support systems, AI-enabled machine learning (ML) prediction models and large language models have emerged, with the potential to greatly assist clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes. For example, AI can predict optimal doses of pharmacokinetically complex medications1 and identify adverse drug reactions among coded discharge data. These new tools can support busy pharmacists by automating tedious tasks and discerning clinical scenarios warranting pharmacist intervention.
This editorial highlights considerations relating to AI/ML technologies applied to medicine management in Australian hospitals, drawing insights from local experience in designing and evaluating a ML dosing algorithm for unfractionated heparin (UFH).
Risk prediction algorithms are common, such as the CHADS-VASc and HAS-BLED scores, developed using conventional statistical (regression) methods. But with the availability of ‘big data’ from EHRs within multiple hospitals, clinician researchers, data scientists, and informaticians can now collaborate to develop more accurate real-time predictive algorithms using AI/ML. Some examples include predicting an individual’s likelihood of a medication-related hospital readmission, suffering a bleed with anticoagulant therapy, or rapid deterioration due to undertreated illness. Detecting and treating these conditions can optimise patient outcomes.
The ultimate question is whether AI tools enable clinicians to work smarter and more efficiently, save healthcare costs, and render patient care more effective and safe. Machines don’t tire and are not influenced by emotions, and they can learn and process vast amounts of information faster and more accurately than humans. But human oversight and judgement remains crucial in ensuring the appropriate design and use of algorithms and monitoring their performance. Machines exist to augment, not usurp, clinician decision-making, empowering pharmacists to focus more on empathic patient interactions, education, and counselling and fostering interprofessional healthcare delivery; integral care components for which no machine can substitute.
The future of hospital pharmacy is undeniably intertwined with the evolution of AI, and we should embrace and lead the agenda in using them as supportive tools to enhance our clinical practice.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Conceptualisation: NF, IS, MB. Investigation: NF. Writing — original draft: NF, IS, MB. Writing — review and editing: NF, IS, MB.
Ethical approval was not required for this editorial as it did not contain any human data or participants.
Not commissioned, not externally peer reviewed.
This editorial received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
期刊介绍:
The purpose of this document is to describe the structure, function and operations of the Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, the official journal of the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia (SHPA). It is owned, published by and copyrighted to SHPA. However, the Journal is to some extent unique within SHPA in that it ‘…has complete editorial freedom in terms of content and is not under the direction of the Society or its Council in such matters…’. This statement, originally based on a Role Statement for the Editor-in-Chief 1993, is also based on the definition of ‘editorial independence’ from the World Association of Medical Editors and adopted by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.