多囊卵巢综合征

IF 76.9 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Elisabet Stener-Victorin, Helena Teede, Robert J. Norman, Richard Legro, Mark O. Goodarzi, Anuja Dokras, Joop Laven, Kathleen Hoeger, Terhi T. Piltonen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管多囊卵巢综合症(PCOS)影响着全球约 11-13% 的女性,但对它的研究却远远不够。多囊卵巢综合症在全球范围内造成了相当大的健康和经济负担,并可能影响男性健康。成人多囊卵巢综合症的诊断遵循《多囊卵巢综合症评估和管理国际循证指南》,需要满足三个标准中的两个标准,即临床或生化高雄激素、排卵功能障碍和/或特定卵巢形态特征或抗穆勒氏激素升高。然而,青少年的诊断则省略了卵巢形态学和抗苗勒氏管激素的考虑。以胰岛素抵抗和高雄激素为特征的多囊卵巢综合症会导致早发的 2 型糖尿病,并增加心血管疾病的发病几率。与生殖相关的影响包括月经周期不规律、无排卵性不孕、妊娠并发症和子宫内膜癌的风险增加。除生理表现外,多囊卵巢综合征还与焦虑、抑郁、饮食失调、性心理障碍和负面身体形象有关,共同导致患者健康相关生活质量下降。尽管多囊卵巢综合征的发病率一直持续到绝经期,但诊断多囊卵巢综合征往往需要较长的时间和多次就医。由于对其潜在机制的了解有限,治疗仍然是临时性的,这突出表明需要对该综合征的病因和病理生理学进行研究。找出导致多囊卵巢综合症的因素将为个性化医疗方法铺平道路。此外,探索新型生物标志物、完善诊断标准和改进治疗方法对于提高干预措施的精确性和有效性至关重要,这将对患者的生活产生积极影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Despite affecting ~11–13% of women globally, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a substantially understudied condition. PCOS, possibly extending to men’s health, imposes a considerable health and economic burden worldwide. Diagnosis in adults follows the International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, requiring two out of three criteria — clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and/or specific ovarian morphological characteristics or elevated anti-Müllerian hormone. However, diagnosing adolescents omits ovarian morphology and anti-Müllerian hormone considerations. PCOS, marked by insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, strongly contributes to early-onset type 2 diabetes, with increased odds for cardiovascular diseases. Reproduction-related implications include irregular menstrual cycles, anovulatory infertility, heightened risks of pregnancy complications and endometrial cancer. Beyond physiological manifestations, PCOS is associated with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, psychosexual dysfunction and negative body image, collectively contributing to diminished health-related quality of life in patients. Despite its high prevalence persisting into menopause, diagnosing PCOS often involves extended timelines and multiple health-care visits. Treatment remains ad hoc owing to limited understanding of underlying mechanisms, highlighting the need for research delineating the aetiology and pathophysiology of the syndrome. Identifying factors contributing to PCOS will pave the way for personalized medicine approaches. Additionally, exploring novel biomarkers, refining diagnostic criteria and advancing treatment modalities will be crucial in enhancing the precision and efficacy of interventions that will positively impact the lives of patients.

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来源期刊
Nature Reviews Disease Primers
Nature Reviews Disease Primers Medicine-General Medicine
CiteScore
76.70
自引率
0.20%
发文量
75
期刊介绍: Nature Reviews Disease Primers, a part of the Nature Reviews journal portfolio, features sections on epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis, management, and patient quality of life. The editorial team commissions top researchers — comprising basic scientists and clinical researchers — to write the Primers, which are designed for use by early career researchers, medical students and principal investigators. Each Primer concludes with an Outlook section, highlighting future research directions. Covered medical specialties include Cardiology, Dermatology, Ear, Nose and Throat, Emergency Medicine, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Genetic Conditions, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hepatology, Haematology, Infectious Diseases, Maxillofacial and Oral Medicine, Nephrology, Neurology, Nutrition, Oncology, Ophthalmology, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Respiratory Medicine, Rheumatology, Sleep Medicine, and Urology.
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