对掠食者的恐惧会降低身体和生理状况，影响后代的存活率和幸存者的 "质量"。

IF 4.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Functional Ecology Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI:10.1111/1365-2435.14553

Liana Y. Zanette, Marek C. Allen, Tony D. Williams, Melinda A. Fowler, Francois Criscuolo, Sandrine Zahn, Michael Clinchy

引用次数: 0

摘要

捕食者会通过吃掉幼体来影响发育中的幼体的存活率。最近，人们发现被吃掉的恐惧是后代存活的强大驱动力，它使招募的后代数量减少了 53%，但这些影响的驱动机制还不是很清楚。我们在三个繁殖季节中让鸣麻雀接触捕食者或非捕食者的回放。我们对后代从卵到发育再到成熟的整个过程进行了跟踪。我们采用了 12 种不同的测量方法，分为六个系统（氧携带能力、能量储备、免疫功能、抗氧化保护、氧化应激/损伤、糖皮质激素），量化了在恐惧环境中饲养对身体（脂肪、质量、大小）和生理状况的影响。我们进一步跟踪了后代在巢中的存活情况，并确定了哪些条件指标能显著预测后代的存活率。我们报告说，对捕食者的恐惧会影响后代各个生命阶段的状况，并带来生存后果。害怕捕食者的后代从较重的卵中孵化出来（8%），但很快就失去了这一优势，而且再也没有恢复过来。受到 "惊吓 "的亲鸟哺育的雏鸟与未受到捕食者反击的雏鸟相比，体重一样重，而且瘦得多。这种模式一直延续到成熟期，受惊亲鸟饲养的后代比非受惊亲鸟饲养的后代瘦31%、轻5%。受惊雏鸟的生理状况也明显较差，端粒较短，而后期依赖阶段的雏鸟尿酸含量相对较低，血红蛋白含量较高，这可能表明它们长期易受感染。只有身体状况（体重和脂肪）能预测死亡率高峰期（雏鸟和羽化初期）的存活率，捕食者-回放处理中最瘦最轻的后代最不可能存活。此后，无论采用哪种播放方法，体重都能预测存活率。同样，在这一后期阶段，端粒损失少、尿酸水平高的后代存活率最高，与播放组无关。我们的研究结果表明，对捕食者的恐惧是早期生命逆境的一种有效形式，它会持续改变后代的状况，影响早期阶段的存活率和幸存者一生的 "质量"。食物能促进发育，而在最初阶段，父母因恐惧而减少食物供给很可能会造成这些影响，并对种群增长率产生后果。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Fear of predators reduces body and physiological condition affecting offspring survival and the ‘quality’ of the survivors

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Fear of predators reduces body and physiological condition affecting offspring survival and the ‘quality’ of the survivors

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来源期刊

Functional Ecology 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

9.00

自引率

1.90%

发文量

243

审稿时长

4 months

期刊介绍： Functional Ecology publishes high-impact papers that enable a mechanistic understanding of ecological pattern and process from the organismic to the ecosystem scale. Because of the multifaceted nature of this challenge, papers can be based on a wide range of approaches. Thus, manuscripts may vary from physiological, genetics, life-history, and behavioural perspectives for organismal studies to community and biogeochemical studies when the goal is to understand ecosystem and larger scale ecological phenomena. We believe that the diverse nature of our journal is a strength, not a weakness, and we are open-minded about the variety of data, research approaches and types of studies that we publish. Certain key areas will continue to be emphasized: studies that integrate genomics with ecology, studies that examine how key aspects of physiology (e.g., stress) impact the ecology of animals and plants, or vice versa, and how evolution shapes interactions among function and ecological traits. Ecology has increasingly moved towards the realization that organismal traits and activities are vital for understanding community dynamics and ecosystem processes, particularly in response to the rapid global changes occurring in earth’s environment, and Functional Ecology aims to publish such integrative papers.