A. Romero Francia, A. Perillo Marcone, S. Pianese, K. Andersen, G. Arnau Izquierdo, J. A. Briz, D. Carbajo Perez, E. Carlier, T. Coiffet, L. S. Esposito, J. L. Grenard, D. Grenier, J. Humbert, K. Kershaw, J. Lendaro, A. Ortega Rolo, K. Scibor, D. Senajova, S. Sgobba, C. Sharp, D. Steyaert, F. M. Velotti, H. Vincke, V. Vlachoudis, M. Calviani
{"title":"欧洲核子研究中心超级质子同步加速器新一代内部束流倾卸装置的设计和早期运行","authors":"A. Romero Francia, A. Perillo Marcone, S. Pianese, K. Andersen, G. Arnau Izquierdo, J. A. Briz, D. Carbajo Perez, E. Carlier, T. Coiffet, L. S. Esposito, J. L. Grenard, D. Grenier, J. Humbert, K. Kershaw, J. Lendaro, A. Ortega Rolo, K. Scibor, D. Senajova, S. Sgobba, C. Sharp, D. Steyaert, F. M. Velotti, H. Vincke, V. Vlachoudis, M. Calviani","doi":"10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.27.043001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is the last stage in the injector chain for CERN’s Large Hadron Collider, and it also provides proton and ion beams for several fixed-target experiments. The SPS has been in operation since 1976, and it has been upgraded over the years. For the SPS to operate safely, its internal beam dump must be able to repeatedly absorb the energy of the circulating beams without sustaining damage that would affect its function. The latest upgrades of the SPS led to the requirement for its beam dump to absorb proton beams with a momentum spectrum from 14 to <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mn>450</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow></math> and an average beam power of up to <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mo>∼</mo><mn>270</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>kW</mi></math>. This paper presents the technical details of a new design of the SPS beam dump that was installed in one of the long straight sections of the SPS during the 2019–2020 shutdown of CERN’s accelerator complex within the framework of the Large Hadron Collider Injectors Upgrade Project. This new beam dump has been in the operation since May 2021, and it is foreseen that it will operate with a lifetime of 20 years. The key challenges in the design of the beam dump were linked to the high levels of thermal energy to be dissipated—to avoid overheating and damage to the beam dump itself—and high induced levels of radiation, which have implications for personnel access to monitor the beam dump and repair any problems occurring during operation. The design process, therefore, included extensive thermomechanical finite-element simulations of the beam-dump core and its cooling system’s response to normal operation and worst-case scenarios for beam dumping. To ensure high thermal conductivity between the beam-dump core and its water-cooling system, hot isostatic pressing techniques were used in its manufacturing process. A comprehensive set of instrumentation was installed in the beam dump to monitor it during operation and to cross-check the numerical models with operational feedback. The beam dump and its infrastructure design were also optimized to ensure it can be maintained, repaired, or replaced while minimizing the radiation doses received by personnel.","PeriodicalId":54297,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Accelerators and Beams","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Design and early operation of a new-generation internal beam dump for CERN’s Super Proton Synchrotron\",\"authors\":\"A. Romero Francia, A. Perillo Marcone, S. Pianese, K. Andersen, G. Arnau Izquierdo, J. A. Briz, D. Carbajo Perez, E. Carlier, T. Coiffet, L. S. Esposito, J. L. Grenard, D. Grenier, J. Humbert, K. Kershaw, J. Lendaro, A. Ortega Rolo, K. Scibor, D. Senajova, S. Sgobba, C. Sharp, D. Steyaert, F. M. Velotti, H. Vincke, V. Vlachoudis, M. Calviani\",\"doi\":\"10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.27.043001\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is the last stage in the injector chain for CERN’s Large Hadron Collider, and it also provides proton and ion beams for several fixed-target experiments. The SPS has been in operation since 1976, and it has been upgraded over the years. For the SPS to operate safely, its internal beam dump must be able to repeatedly absorb the energy of the circulating beams without sustaining damage that would affect its function. The latest upgrades of the SPS led to the requirement for its beam dump to absorb proton beams with a momentum spectrum from 14 to <math display=\\\"inline\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><mrow><mn>450</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow></math> and an average beam power of up to <math display=\\\"inline\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><mo>∼</mo><mn>270</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>kW</mi></math>. This paper presents the technical details of a new design of the SPS beam dump that was installed in one of the long straight sections of the SPS during the 2019–2020 shutdown of CERN’s accelerator complex within the framework of the Large Hadron Collider Injectors Upgrade Project. This new beam dump has been in the operation since May 2021, and it is foreseen that it will operate with a lifetime of 20 years. The key challenges in the design of the beam dump were linked to the high levels of thermal energy to be dissipated—to avoid overheating and damage to the beam dump itself—and high induced levels of radiation, which have implications for personnel access to monitor the beam dump and repair any problems occurring during operation. The design process, therefore, included extensive thermomechanical finite-element simulations of the beam-dump core and its cooling system’s response to normal operation and worst-case scenarios for beam dumping. To ensure high thermal conductivity between the beam-dump core and its water-cooling system, hot isostatic pressing techniques were used in its manufacturing process. A comprehensive set of instrumentation was installed in the beam dump to monitor it during operation and to cross-check the numerical models with operational feedback. The beam dump and its infrastructure design were also optimized to ensure it can be maintained, repaired, or replaced while minimizing the radiation doses received by personnel.\",\"PeriodicalId\":54297,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Physical Review Accelerators and Beams\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Physical Review Accelerators and Beams\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.27.043001\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"PHYSICS, NUCLEAR\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physical Review Accelerators and Beams","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.27.043001","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PHYSICS, NUCLEAR","Score":null,"Total":0}
Design and early operation of a new-generation internal beam dump for CERN’s Super Proton Synchrotron
The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is the last stage in the injector chain for CERN’s Large Hadron Collider, and it also provides proton and ion beams for several fixed-target experiments. The SPS has been in operation since 1976, and it has been upgraded over the years. For the SPS to operate safely, its internal beam dump must be able to repeatedly absorb the energy of the circulating beams without sustaining damage that would affect its function. The latest upgrades of the SPS led to the requirement for its beam dump to absorb proton beams with a momentum spectrum from 14 to and an average beam power of up to . This paper presents the technical details of a new design of the SPS beam dump that was installed in one of the long straight sections of the SPS during the 2019–2020 shutdown of CERN’s accelerator complex within the framework of the Large Hadron Collider Injectors Upgrade Project. This new beam dump has been in the operation since May 2021, and it is foreseen that it will operate with a lifetime of 20 years. The key challenges in the design of the beam dump were linked to the high levels of thermal energy to be dissipated—to avoid overheating and damage to the beam dump itself—and high induced levels of radiation, which have implications for personnel access to monitor the beam dump and repair any problems occurring during operation. The design process, therefore, included extensive thermomechanical finite-element simulations of the beam-dump core and its cooling system’s response to normal operation and worst-case scenarios for beam dumping. To ensure high thermal conductivity between the beam-dump core and its water-cooling system, hot isostatic pressing techniques were used in its manufacturing process. A comprehensive set of instrumentation was installed in the beam dump to monitor it during operation and to cross-check the numerical models with operational feedback. The beam dump and its infrastructure design were also optimized to ensure it can be maintained, repaired, or replaced while minimizing the radiation doses received by personnel.
期刊介绍:
Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams (PRST-AB) is a peer-reviewed, purely electronic journal, distributed without charge to readers and funded by sponsors from national and international laboratories and other partners. The articles are published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
It covers the full range of accelerator science and technology; subsystem and component technologies; beam dynamics; accelerator applications; and design, operation, and improvement of accelerators used in science and industry. This includes accelerators for high-energy and nuclear physics, synchrotron-radiation production, spallation neutron sources, medical therapy, and intense-beam applications.