Metabolism and Receptor Mechanisms of Niacin Action

Abstract

The paper discusses the metabolism of niacin, also known as vitamin B3 or PP, and the mechanisms of its receptor-induced functions in the human body. Niacin exists as several molecular compounds that act as the nicotinamide coenzymes precursors. These coenzymes play a crucial role in metabolism, being electron donors or acceptors in redox reactions catalyzed by various enzymes. Maintaining the intracellular pool of niacin is vital not only for redox metabolism, but also for the NAD-dependent pathways functioning. However, pathophysiological situations and changes in enzyme activity may influence the need for different forms of niacin. In addition to indirect effects via nicotinamide coenzymes, it also has a number of direct effects, including antilipolytic, vasodilatory, and neuroprotective functions, which exact mechanisms have not been studied fully up to date. Overall, niacin plays a vital role in maintaining efficient cellular function, and further study of its effects on various physiological processes, including the gut microbiome and epigenetic regulation, may lead to new discoveries and treatments for various diseases.