性别角色反转的红蹼鹬的花蕊颜色变化与性别、个体质量和交配成功率的关系

Kaspar Delhey, Johannes Krietsch, Andrea Parisi, Mihai Valcu, Bart Kempenaers
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摘要

在大多数鸟类中,雄鸟装饰性更强,争夺雌鸟,而雌鸟则更多地照顾后代。在少数物种中,这种模式正好相反,雌鸟色彩更丰富,争夺配偶,而雄鸟则承担起养育后代的责任。在这种性别角色颠倒的物种中,色彩斑斓的装饰、个体质量和交配成功率之间的联系并不明确。红蹼鹬(Phalaropus fulicarius)是一种色彩斑斓的性别角色颠倒的迁徙性滨鸟,经常进行社会性多配偶繁殖,其中雌雄都表现出相当大的色彩差异。在这里,我们描述了色彩的性别差异,并量化了色彩变化与雌雄鸟的质量指标和交配成功率之间的关联。通过连续三年在北极繁殖地采集的大量照片样本,我们对四个身体部位(喙、冠、颊和胸)的颜色变化进行了评分,并对评分进行了单独分析和综合分析。雌鸟的颜色比雄鸟更鲜艳,体型也比雄鸟更大,而且可以通过鸟冠的颜色对个体进行明确的性别鉴定。尽管如此,雌雄个体在喙色、颊色、胸色和总颜色得分上仍有很大差异,且有一些重叠。只有喙的颜色发现了同性交配。除了雄性脸颊的颜色外,颜色变化与血浆睾酮水平无关。身体状况较好的雌鸟喙色较黄,整体颜色得分较高,而早到的鸟胸部和整体得分较高。在当地繁殖的黄颡鱼比不在当地繁殖的黄颡鱼更重,但它们的体色得分并不高。雌鸟的颜色变化并不能预测当地社会多妻制的概率,也不能预测离合器大小的变化,雄鸟的颜色也不能预测巢被捕食的概率。总之,富丽斑鸠的颜色变化与个体质量的相关性不大,与当地繁殖成功率的变化无关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Variation in nuptial color in relation to sex, individual quality and mating success in the sex-role reversed Phalaropus fulicarius (Red Phalarope)
In most bird species, males are more ornamented and compete for females, who contribute more to offspring care. In a minority of species this pattern is reversed, with more colorful females competing for mates and males taking care of parental duties. In such sex-role reversed species, the links between colorful ornamentation, individual quality and mating success are not well established. Phalaropus fulicarius (Red Phalarope) is a colorful sex-role reversed migratory shorebird with regular social polyandry, in which both sexes show considerable color variation. Here, we describe sex differences in color and quantify associations between color variation and indicators of quality and mating success in both sexes. Using a large sample of photos collected across three consecutive years on the Arctic breeding grounds, we scored color variation for four body parts (bill, crown, cheek and breast), and analyzed scores separately and combined into an overall color score. Females were more colorful and larger than males, and individuals could be unambiguously sexed by crown color. Nevertheless, there was substantial variation within sexes and some overlap between males and females in bill, cheek, breast, and overall color scores. Assortative mating by color was only found for the bill. Color variation did not correlate with plasma testosterone levels, except for male cheek color. Females in better body condition had yellower bills and higher overall color scores, while early-arriving birds had higher breast and overall scores. Phalaropus fulicarius that bred locally were heavier than those that did not, but they did not have higher color scores. Female color variation did not predict the probability of local social polyandry nor variation in clutch size, and male coloration did not predict the probability of nest predation. In conclusion, P. fulicarius color variation showed modest correlations with individual quality and was unrelated to variation in local reproductive success.
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