Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the southeastern margin of the Songliao Basin, NE China: implications for the geodynamic evolution of Paleo-Pacific Ocean

To better understand the geodynamic evolution of northeastern China during the Late Mesozoic, we analyzed zircon U–Pb geochronological, Lu–Hf isotopic, and geochemical data for Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks from the southeastern margin of the Songliao Basin. Newly identified A-type rhyolite and trachyandesite yielded zircon ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of ca. 123 Ma and 117 Ma, respectively. The rhyolites are high in SiO₂ (72.24–78.89 wt%) and total alkali (K₂O + Na₂O = 8.81–10.03 wt%), and low in MgO (0.10–0.26 wt%), CaO (0.32–0.36 wt%), Ni (0.08–2.69 ppm), and Cr (0.39–4.87 ppm) concentrations, with negative Nb, Ta, and Sr anomalies. They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depleted in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs); the calculated Zr saturation temperatures are high (828–915 °C). The A-type rhyolites possess variable zircon ε_Hf(t) values ranging from + 5.69 to + 10.49. Petrogenetic analysis leads us to propose that the A-type rhyolites were probably formed by partial melting of a Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic juvenile lower crust. The trachyandesites have Nb/Ta (14.9–17.25), Zr/Hf (35.04–42.75), Rb/Sr (0.25–0.40), and Lu/Yb (0.14–0.15) ratios that are similar to those of mantle-derived magma, indicating a mantle source. They have ε_Hf(t) values of + 4.71 to + 7.29 and show enrichment in LILEs and LREEs, and weak depletion in HFSEs, suggesting that the parent magma originated from partial melting of a depleted lithospheric mantle, and was subsequently metasomatized by subduction-related fluids, followed by extensive fractional crystallization during the magma evolution. Combined with the temporal and spatial distribution of Late Mesozoic igneous rocks from the southeastern margin of the Songliao Basin, we propose that Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks formed in an extensional tectonic setting that was closely related to rollback of the Paleo-Pacific (Izanagi) oceanic slab.

Graphical abstract