如何解决新问题:联想学习在野生大山雀(Parus major)解决问题过程中的作用

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Laure Cauchard, Pierre Bize, Blandine Doligez
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管解决问题的任务经常被用来评估创新能力,但解决问题的表现在多大程度上反映了认知技能的变化却很少被正式研究。我们利用野生繁殖的大山雀面对一个新的非食物动机的问题解决任务,研究了联想学习在找到解决方案中的作用,以及与其他多种非认知因素的比较。我们首先研究了准确性(在拉绳子任务中与开口部分接触的比例)、恐新症、探索、活动、年龄、性别、身体状况和参与时间对解决任务能力的影响。为了突出联想学习的效果,我们比较了解题者和非解题者在第一次提示解题之前和之后(即他们第一次拉动绳子打开门)的准确性。最后,我们还比较了解题者连续开门的准确率。通过对2010年至2015年期间测试的788只大山雀的884次观察,我们发现,在首次成功进入之前,求解者比非求解者更准确、更善于探索,而且雌性比雄性更有可能完成任务。在有机会将拉绳与门的移动联系起来后,解题者的准确率显著提高,而非解题者的准确率则没有提高。解题者的准确率也随着连续的入口而提高。我们的研究结果表明,解决问题能力的差异主要反映了联想学习中固有的个体差异,在较小程度上也受性别和探索行为的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

How to solve novel problems: the role of associative learning in problem-solving performance in wild great tits Parus major

How to solve novel problems: the role of associative learning in problem-solving performance in wild great tits Parus major

Although problem-solving tasks are frequently used to assess innovative ability, the extent to which problem-solving performance reflects variation in cognitive skills has been rarely formally investigated. Using wild breeding great tits facing a new non-food motivated problem-solving task, we investigated the role of associative learning in finding the solution, compared to multiple other non-cognitive factors. We first examined the role of accuracy (the proportion of contacts made with the opening part of a string-pulling task), neophobia, exploration, activity, age, sex, body condition and participation time on the ability to solve the task. To highlight the effect of associative learning, we then compared accuracy between solvers and non-solvers, before and after the first cue to the solution (i.e., the first time they pulled the string opening the door). We finally compared accuracy over consecutive entrances for solvers. Using 884 observations from 788 great tits tested from 2010 to 2015, we showed that, prior to initial successful entrance, solvers were more accurate and more explorative than non-solvers, and that females were more likely to solve the task than males. The accuracy of solvers, but not of non-solvers, increased significantly after they had the opportunity to associate string pulling with the movement of the door, giving them a first cue to the task solution. The accuracy of solvers also increased over successive entrances. Our results demonstrate that variations in problem-solving performance primarily reflect inherent individual differences in associative learning, and are also to a lesser extent shaped by sex and exploratory behaviour.

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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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