On the Global Features of the 10–60-Min ULF Waves in Jovian Magnetosphere: Juno Observations

In the Jovian magnetosphere, quasi-periodic phenomena, with quasi-periods on the order of 10–60 min, are frequently identified using different data sets. These pulsations are a branch of ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves, which are believed to play a crucial role in driving the energy circulation within Jupiter's magnetosphere. In this study, we utilize magnetic field data collected by Juno between 2016 and 2022 to perform a comprehensive global statistical analysis of the spatial distribution and periodic characteristics of ULF waves in the Jovian magnetosphere. Our findings reveal distinct periodic features observed at different latitudes and distances, providing valuable insights into the generation mechanisms of ULF waves. Furthermore, we establish a close relationship between the presence of these ULF wave fluctuations and the magnetospheric state, such as under conditions of solar wind compression. By combining contemporaneous ultraviolet aurora observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and magnetic field data obtained by Juno, we have discovered that the compressed magnetospheres exhibit more pronounced ULF waves and enhanced auroral activity. These results provide a global picture of the distribution, implying potential generation of ULF waves in the Jovian magnetosphere, and shedding light on the processes behind the 10–60-min energy releases.