P5G: A Patient-Centered Design Method of Virtual Reality Health Game System for Children's Amblyopia Rehabilitation

Amblyopia is a prevalent ophthalmic disease that occurs during the sensitive period of children's visual development, which can have adverse effects on patients' visual and psychological well-being. In recent years, there has been a significant focus on digital amblyopia therapy, particularly with advancements in virtual reality (VR) technology and functional game design. This study is based on the P5 eHealth approach, a theory of digital healthcare that identifies five essential properties of a user-centered eHealth system, including preventive, predictive, personalized, participatory, and psycho-cognitive. In this paper, we present a P5G design framework, which refers to P5 eHealth for health games, and we have utilized this framework for personalized health game design. Additionally, we have developed a VR game system for children's amblyopia rehabilitation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the P5G design framework. The proposed system incorporates visual function principles and amblyopia rehabilitation strategies, prioritizes binocular vision, and consists of multiple modules for visual training.