Optimal Scheduling Model of Battery Swapping Station with Virtual Power Plant Mode

Battery Swap Stations (BSS) are becoming increasingly important in the electric vehicle energy service ecosystem. In response to the growing need for BSS to participate in virtual power plant programs, we have developed an optimization model to improve battery service operations. This model allows BSS operators to optimize the battery status and its power service activity within stations, ensuring peak performance when needed. Additionally, the model takes into account the intricate performance parameters of the swapping station and incorporates the operator's projections of swapping demand, ensuring that operational strategies align with the station's capabilities and user requirements. Numerical simulations have confirmed the effectiveness and practicality of the model, which provides a BSS decision support tool for increasing profitability and user satisfaction.