使用 VxLAN 互联数据中心的 MTU 分析

Mohamed Elmadani, Salem Sati
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摘要

网络虚拟化为数据中心和云提供了先进的技术解决方案,特别是通过使用虚拟可扩展局域网(VxLAN)实现多个数据中心的互联。不过,在实施叠加 VxLAN 技术时,必须考虑到最大传输单元(MTU)。这种技术会给网络数据包带来额外的开销,超过 MTU 会导致性能下降,并因数据包分片而增加处理开销。在 VxLAN 重叠隧道中采用了虚拟隧道端点(VTEP),但它不会转发超过路径 MTU 的数据包,从而导致数据包丢失和因网络配置错误而造成的严重延迟。本文深入研究了与 MTU 大小相关的问题,并强调了 VxLAN 等覆盖技术带来的开销。此外,它还强调了实施 MTU 发现功能的必要性。仿真结果表明,启用 MTU 发现功能可使主机避免数据包丢失,同时确保网络的稳定性和适应性。相反,手动调整 MTU 大小可能会受到设备供应商的限制或阻止,尤其是当数据中心通过第三方网络互连时。通过比较手动配置方法和 MTU 发现方法,数据中心管理员可以做出明智的决策。仿真结果清楚地表明,MTU 发现法在吞吐量、减少数据包丢失和最小化延迟方面都优于手动配置法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
MTU Analyzing for Data Centers Interconnected Using VxLAN
Network virtualization offers advanced technology solutions for data centers and clouds, specifically through the use of Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VxLAN) to interconnect multiple data centers. Nonetheless, it is crucial to take into account the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) when implementing overlay VxLAN technology. This technology introduces additional overhead to network packets, and exceeding the MTU can result in performance degradation and increased processing overhead due to packet fragmentation. The Virtual Tunneling End Point (VTEP) is employed in VxLAN overlay tunneling but does not forward packets that exceed the path MTU, leading to packet loss and significant delays caused by network misconfiguration. This paper thoroughly examines the issues related to MTU size and emphasizes the overhead introduced by overlay technologies like VxLAN. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of implementing MTU discovery features. Simulation results demonstrate that enabling MTU discovery features allows hosts to avoid packet loss while ensuring network stability and adaptability. Conversely, manually adjusting the MTU size may be restricted or blocked by device vendors, especially when data centers are interconnected via third-party networks. By comparing the manual configuration approach with MTU discovery methods, data center administrators can make informed decisions. The simulation results clearly indicate that MTU discovery surpasses manual configuration in terms of throughput, reduces packet loss, and minimizes delays.
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