Principle of building heat storage and its design parameters

Building energy saving is an important aspect of reducing the total energy consumption of society. Excessive reliance on heating and air conditioning equipment will not only produce a lot of energy consumption, but also be not conducive to human health. It is an important responsibility of architects to make the indoor environment meet the thermal comfort requirements of the human body under natural conditions as much as possible through architectural design. In this process, it is the key to improve the thermal performance of buildings and make full use of natural resources. The heat storage process is a natural phenomenon accompanied by the heat transfer process. Building heat storage is the key to the independent control on the indoor thermal environment. The thermal characteristics of building materials and structures and the periodic changes of external environments are the fundamental reasons for building heat storage. The building heat storage process, including the absorption, storage and release of the heat, is the core of coping with the periodic unstable heat action, and can solve the problem of the mismatch of the spatial and temporal distribution of the heat in the building, which is of great significance for the building thermal engineering design and energy saving design. Building thermal storage is mainly through the way of architectural design and planning, the “peak cutting and valley filling” effect of building components is coupled with other factors, so as to maximize the regulation effect of building on heat flow and realize the optimization of indoor thermal environments. In this review, the related concepts of building heat storage are analyzed, and similar concepts, such as “building heat storage” and “envelope heat storage”, “thermal preservation” and “thermal insulation”, “thermal inertia”, “thermal mass” and “thermal inertia index”, are distinguished. The function principle and basic model of building heat storage are summarized. The “double high trough temperature wave” effect formed by multi-process transmission and transformation of anisotropic solar radiation is revealed