Maximizing solar photovoltaic system efficiency by multivariate linear regression based maximum power point tracking using machine learning

Introduction. In recent times, there has been a growing popularity of photovoltaic (PV) systems, primarily due to their numerous advantages in the field of renewable energy. One crucial and challenging task in PV systems is tracking the maximum power point (MPP), which is essential for enhancing their efficiency. Aim. PV systems face two main challenges. Firstly, they exhibit low efficiency in generating electric power, particularly in situations of low irradiation. Secondly, there is a strong connection between the power output of solar arrays and the constantly changing weather conditions. This interdependence can lead to load mismatch, where the maximum power is not effectively extracted and delivered to the load. This problem is commonly referred to as the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) problem various control methods for MPPT have been suggested to optimize the peak power output and overall generation efficiency of PV systems. Methodology. This article presents a novel approach to maximize the efficiency of solar PV systems by tracking the MPP and dynamic response of the system is investigated. Originality. The technique involves a multivariate linear regression (MLR) machine learning algorithm to predict the MPP for any value of irradiance level and temperature, based on data collected from the solar PV generator specifications. This information is then used to calculate the duty ratio for the boost converter. Results. MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental results demonstrate that this approach consistently achieves a mean efficiency of over 96 % in the steady-state operation of the PV system, even under variable irradiance level and temperature. Practical value. The improved efficiency of 96 % of the proposed MLR based MPP in the steady-state operation extracting maximum from PV system, adds more value. The same is evidently proved by the hardware results.