通过基因选择减少奶牛跛足

M. Barden, Donagh P Berry, M. Winters, George Oikonomou
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引用次数: 0

摘要

奶牛跛足发病率高是奶牛业面临的一个关键问题。尽管遗传率较低,但相当大的遗传变异与跛足风险有关;因此,遗传选择可用于补充基于管理的方法,以减少奶牛跛足。跛足优势遗传指数(Lameness Advantage genetic index)可用于英国所有记录和评估的奶牛,是对动物跛足遗传倾向的估计。研究表明,跛足优势值越高的奶牛,足底病变、数字皮炎和跛足的发病率越低;因此,通过育种提高牛群的平均跛足优势值是有益的。用跛足优势值高于牛群平均值的公牛繁殖后代,就能轻松实现这一目标;这是一种低成本且有效的策略,所有牧场几乎都能立即实施,以改善蹄部健康。重要的是要确保基因选择方法的平衡性,首先根据总体盈利指数(如PLI、SCI或ACI英镑)选择下一代的父母代,然后再根据次级选择标准来实现特定的育种目标。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Genetic selection to reduce lameness in dairy cattle
The high prevalence of lameness in dairy cattle is a critical issue for the industry. Despite having a low heritability, considerable genetic variability is associated with the risk of lameness; therefore, genetic selection can be used to complement management-based approaches to reduce lameness in dairy herds. The Lameness Advantage genetic index, available for all recorded and evaluated dairy animals in the UK, is an estimate of an animal's genetic predisposition to lameness. It has been shown that cows with higher Lameness Advantage values had a reduced incidence of sole lesions, digital dermatitis, and lameness; therefore, breeding to increase the average Lameness Advantage value of a herd could be beneficial. This can be readily achieved by breeding replacements from bulls with a Lameness Advantage value that is above the herd average; this is a low-cost and effective strategy that all farms could implement almost immediately to improve foot health. It is important to ensure a balanced approach to genetic selection by first selecting the parents of the next generation on their overall profitability index (eg £PLI, £SCI or £ACI), followed by secondary selection criteria to address specific breeding goals.
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