压力背后的心灵--领航早年生活的自然、养育和压力反应

Serena Ali
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摘要

本文分析了早期生活压力(ELS)与成年人犯罪之间的联系。自然 "是指遗传如何影响个人性格的概念。随着时间的推移,ELS 最终会导致大脑结构的改变、与抑郁症等精神疾病有关的化学失衡,以及可能演变为成人犯罪行为的攻击性行为(Thijssen, Ringoot, Wildeboer, et.al, 2015)。经验证据和科学研究表明,ELS 与天性和/或教养相结合,是可以预测或解释儿童未来健康和行为的因素(Thijssen, Ringoot, Wildeboer, et.al, 2015)。本文还分析了将 ELS 与儿童未来行为联系起来的证据(如 Kaufman 和 Zigler,1987 年)。通过对理查德-拉米雷斯(Richard Ramirez)、理查德-蔡斯(Richard Chase)、杰弗里-达默(Jeffery Dahmer)和艾琳-伍尔诺斯(Aileen Wuornos)等案件的研究,犯罪(如强奸、谋杀和殴打)的案例研究和历史实例可以说明 ELS 与天性和/或教养相结合的状况。在上述案例中,有证据可以证明 ELS 与犯罪行为之间的联系,以及 ELS 与天性和教养之间的联系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mind Behind the Stressed Navigating Through the Nature, Nurture, and Stress Response of Early Life
This paper analyzes the connections between early life stress (ELS) and criminality in adults. Nature is the concept of how genetics influence an individual's personality. ELS over time can eventually lead to structural changes of the brain, chemical imbalances linked to mental illness such as depression, and aggressive behavior that can possibly bloom into adult criminal behavior (Thijssen, Ringoot, Wildeboer, et.al, 2015). Empirical evidence and scientific studies suggest that ELS combined with either nature and/or nurture aspects are factors that can predict or be used as a way to explain a child’s future health and behavior (Thijssen, Ringoot, Wildeboer, et.al, 2015). This paper also analyzes evidence linking ELS to a child’s future behavior (e.g., Kaufman and Zigler, 1987). Case studies and historical examples of crime (e.g., rape, murder, and battery) can illustrate the condition of ELS coupled with nature and/or nurture through the study of cases such as Richard Ramirez, Richard Chase, Jeffery Dahmer, and Aileen Wuornos. In the aforementioned cases, there is evidence that can possibly show the connection between ELS, coupled with the nature and nurture aspects, and criminal behavior.
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