池塬沙漠上骡鹿皮球群的持久性

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Therya Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI:10.12933/therya-24-5780
J. P. Esparza-Carlos
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在使用颗粒组计数技术估算鹿和其他食草动物的种群密度和相对数量时,粪便或颗粒组的持久性是不可或缺的。 这种技术在全球范围内被广泛使用,在墨西哥,大多数鹿的数量估算都是使用这种工具进行的。 不过,对于墨西哥的骡鹿(Odocoileus hemonious),目前还没有关于鹿粪团持久性的数据,也只有一项关于白尾鹿的研究。 粪团计数技术有两种主要方法:a)"粪便常量 "法,即一次性计数地块中累积的粪团;b)"粪便累积率 "法,即根据两次取样期间新粪团的累积来估算密度,最初需要清除地块中的所有粪团,一段时间后再计数。 这两种方法都需要了解粪团累积期间的粪团消失率。 这些信息对于了解生态学以及在管理和保护哺乳动物(如骡鹿,一种在墨西哥某些地区正在减少的物种)方面做出精确决策至关重要。 由于缺乏对墨西哥骡鹿粪便群持久性的研究,本研究旨在确定骡鹿粪便群的持久性及其颜色随时间的变化,从而确定粪便累积期,以便在干旱栖息地使用该技术估计种群数量时不会出现偏差。 我们在奇瓦瓦沙漠对 102 个粪便团进行了四年的监测,发现粪便团只有在夏季雨季才会丢失。 所有在 10 月至 5 月间沉积的粪团都存在,而且所有粪团只有在第一个夏季雨季过后才会变白。 在不同季节(秋季、冬季、春季)和沉积年份(2004 年至 2006 年),颗粒团的持久性相似。 有些颗粒组的持续时间超过四年。 数据表明,颗粒组降解的唯一来源是夏季降雨,没有观察到真菌或昆虫等生物媒介造成的降解。 总之,在干旱地区,要想通过计算鹿粪团来估计整个旱季鹿的使用情况或密度,建议只需使用上述任何一种技术进行两次考察即可。 如果使用 "常存排泄物",现在可以确定所有非白色颗粒都是夏季雨季后的。 如果使用 "粪便累积率 "技术,则可以确定在整个旱季(约 7.5 个月后)的粪便累积期之间不会有粪便团丢失。 通过减少访问次数,我们可以覆盖更多的采样点,扩大研究区域,并获得更精确的估计值,这将有助于了解生态方面的情况并做出管理决策。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Persistence of mule deer pellet groups on Chihuhuan Desert
The persistence of fecal or pellet groups is indispensable when using the pellet group counting technique to estimate population densities and relative abundances of deer, as well as other herbivores.  This technique is widely employed worldwide, and in México, the majority of deer abundance estimates have been made using this tool.  However, for mule deer (Odocoileus hemonious) in México, there is no data on the persistence of pellet groups, and there is only one study on white-tailed deer.  The pellet group counting technique has two main methods: a) "Fecal Standing Crop," where the accumulated pellet groups in plots are counted in a single visit, and b) "Fecal Accumulation Rate," which estimates density based on the accumulation of new fecal groups between two sampling periods, initially requiring the removal of all fecal groups from plots and counting again after some time.  Both methods require knowing the pellet group disappearance rate during the pellet group accumulation period.  This information is fundamental to understanding the ecology and making precise decisions in the management and conservation of mammals, such as mule deer, a species that is declining in some regions of México.  Due to the lack of studies on the persistence of pellet group of mule deer in México, the aim of this study was to determine the persistence of mule deer fecal groups and their color changes over time, to establish pellet accumulation periods for estimating population abundances without biases when using this technique in arid habitats.  We monitored 102 fecal groups for four years in the Chihuahuan Desert, finding that pellet groups are only lost during the summer rainy season.  All pellet groups deposited between October and May were present, and all pellet groups turned white only after the first summer rainy season.  The persistence of pellet groups was similar across seasons (fall, winter, spring) and deposition years (2004 to 2006).  Some pellet groups persisted for over four years.  The data suggest that the only source of degradation of pellet groups is summer rains, and no degradation by biological agents, such as fungi or insects, was observed.  In summary, in arid areas, to estimate deer use or density throughout the entire dry season through pellet group counting, it is suggested that only two visits with either of the mentioned techniques are needed.  If "Fecal Standing Crop" is used, there is now certainty that all non-white pellets are post the summer rainy season.  If the "Fecal Accumulation Rate" technique is used, there is certainty that there will be no loss of pellets groups between the accumulation period of the entire dry season, approximately 7.5 months later.  By reducing the number of visits, it allows us to cover more sampling sites, expand the study area, and obtain more precise estimates that will help understand ecological aspects and make management decisions.
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来源期刊
Therya
Therya Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
40
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: THERYA aims to disseminate information and original and unpublished knowledge related to the study of mammals in all disciplines of knowledge. It is an open forum for teachers, researchers, professionals and students worldwide in which articles are published in Spanish and English.
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