Subzero temperatures and low-frequency impact on MFC piezoelectric transducers for wireless sensor applications

This research paper is a continuation of a prior study [12] that focused on the positive temperature range. The current work investigates the behavior of a laminated Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) piezoelectric transducer when exposed to negative temperatures. The study aims to understand the sensitivity of the transducer under varying ambient temperatures and frequencies, particularly for applications in wireless sensor networks. The integrated Macro Fiber Composite piezoelectric transducer is both theoretically modeled and empirically verified. Experimental tests involve subjecting the laminated MFC piezoelectric transducer to sinusoidal forces generated by an electro-pulse waveform generator, while a thermal chamber is used for temperature control. Controlled displacement is applied to the transducer at low-frequency (5 to 25 Hz) ranges and different moderate temperatures (0 to -40 degrees Celsius). The results highlight the significant influence of temperature and excitation frequency on the generated voltage by the MFC transducer.