Exploration of Solvent Effects, Structural and Spectroscopic Properties, Chemical Shifts, Bonding Nature, Reactive Sites and Molecular Docking Studies on 3-Chloro-2,6-Difluoropyridin-4-Amine as a Potent Antimicrobial Agent

This study delved into the electronic structure of Pyridine derivative 3-Chloro-2,6-difluoropyridin-4-amine (3C26D4A) using quantum-chemical computational calculations and employing the DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method and basis set. Spectroscopic, electronic, Mulliken population analysis and molecular electrostatic potential surface (MESP) calculations were carried out to gain deeper insights, shedding light on their bonding characteristics and reactive sites. The simulated electronic and frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) energy gaps of 3C26D4A in both polar (aniline, DMSO and methanol) and nonpolar (CCl4, chloroform, cyclohexane and toluene) confirm the stability and chemical reactivity. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap of 3C26D4A in the gas phase is found to be 6.0214 eV and shows low reactivity and stability as compared to the solvent phase. In parallel, in silico molecular docking investigated their promise as antimicrobial agents by targeting key enzyme DNA gyrase. The obtained binding energy revealed a significant inhibitory potential docking score of -4.07 kcal/mol.