水产养殖废水回用于旱地可持续作物生产:初步调查

Lawan Aliyu Abubakar, Mustapha M. Bello, N. Shanono
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摘要

水产养殖业会产生大量污水,如果处理不当,可能会造成环境污染。然而,由于水产养殖废水可能含有营养物质,因此可以为缺水的干旱地区提供可持续的灌溉水源。本文提供了尼日利亚干旱地区卡诺州水产养殖废水产生和管理的初步调查结果。通过调查获得了与生产规模、水源和污水处理有关的信息。接受调查的养殖场中有 87% 是中小型企业,产量低于 5000 尾。鲶鱼和罗非鱼是普遍生产的鱼类,67%的养殖场生产鲶鱼和罗非鱼。地下水是养殖场常用的水源,约占总数的 72%。我们的调查结果表明,没有既定的池塘换水标准,养殖场要么考虑水的颜色,要么考虑水在池塘中的停留时间。大多数养殖场每 1 到 2 周换水一次,以水色变化为主要标准。大多数养殖场未经任何处理直接排放污水。虽然有些养殖场声称正在处理污水,但我们无法确定养殖场是否采用了处理技术。遗憾的是,大多数养殖户并不了解未经处理排放污水对环境造成的影响。需要进一步研究这些污水的特征,并评估其是否适合用作灌溉用水。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
TOWARDS REUSE OF AQUACULTURE EFFLUENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION IN THE DRYLANDS: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
The aquaculture industry generates substantial amounts of effluents that may cause environmental pollution if not properly handled. However, since it may contain nutrients, aquaculture effluents could offer a sustainable source of irrigation water in the drylands, which are characterized by water scarcity. This paper provides preliminary findings on aquaculture effluent generation and management in Kano State which is located in Nigerian drylands. Surveys were conducted to obtain information related to the production size, sources of water, and effluent handling. 87% of the surveyed farms are small-scale and medium-scale enterprises, with capacities below 5000 fish. Catfish and Tilapia are the commonly produced fish, with 67% of the farms producing the former. Groundwater is the common source of water utilized by farms, accounting for about 72% of the total. Our findings indicate that there are no established criteria for changing the pond water, with the farms considering either the color of the water or its duration in the pond. Most of the farms change the water every 1 to 2 weeks while considering the change in color as the major criterion. The majority of the farms discharge the effluents directly without any treatment. Although some of the farms claimed to be treating their effluents, we could not establish the presence of treatment technologies on the farms. Unfortunately, most of the farmers are unaware of the environmental implications of discharging the effluents without treatment. Further studies are needed to characterize these effluents and to evaluate their suitability as irrigation water.
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