Three-dimensional network of graphene for electrochemical capacitors and capacitive deionization

Supercapacitors, as high-performance energy storage devices, have garnered extensive research interest. Furthermore, capacitive deionization technology based on a supercapacitor has emerged as a crucial solution to tackling issues of freshwater scarcity and seawater pollution. However, their power density and cycling lifespan remain constrained by electrode materials. In recent years, 3D network graphene materials have gained prominence as an ideal choice due to their unique porous structure, high specific surface area, and excellent conductivity. This review summarizes the preparation methods of 3D network graphene materials, including techniques like chemical vapor deposition, graphene oxide reduction, and foaming methods. It also discusses their applications and the ongoing research advancements in supercapacitor energy storage and capacitive deionization. Ultimately, this review offers researchers an understanding and outlook on the application of 3D network graphene materials in supercapacitor energy storage and capacitive deionization.