C. A. Sandoval, A. Yabe, H. Nishida, L. F. Hinojosa
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Climate and Vegetation of the Miocene of Tierra del Fuego: Filaret Formation
The changing climate during the Cenozoic affected the diversity of plants in Patagonia, as species richness tends to increase during warm periods and decrease during cold periods. Precipitation is a significant factor shaping diversity, as shown in the case of central Chile during the Miocene. This study presents a reconstruction of the climate and vegetation in Tierra del Fuego Island, located approximately 52°S, using fossil flora recovered from the Filaret Formation to understand the Miocene epoch, characterized by contrasting global climatic changes. Filaret flora comprises twenty‐seven morpho‐taxa, including nine Nothofagus species and other Gondwanan and Neotropical families, such as Atherospermataceae and Anacardiaceae, in agreement with a forest habitat. Leaf physiognomy climate reconstruction suggests microthermal conditions, with a mean annual temperature of 9.4–11°C and annual precipitation ranging from 985 to 1,130 mm. These conditions are warmer and wetter than the modern record of the area, with a MAT of 6°C and mean annual precipitation of 300 mm. As the Filaret fossil record suggests, the forest habitat under a microthermal climate is consistent with the global climatic reconstruction of the Early Miocene. This Miocene landscape on Tierra del Fuego was possible because the Andes could not rain‐shadow humid westerly winds by this timeframe.
期刊介绍:
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology (PALO) publishes papers dealing with records of past environments, biota and climate. Understanding of the Earth system as it was in the past requires the employment of a wide range of approaches including marine and lacustrine sedimentology and speleothems; ice sheet formation and flow; stable isotope, trace element, and organic geochemistry; paleontology and molecular paleontology; evolutionary processes; mineralization in organisms; understanding tree-ring formation; seismic stratigraphy; physical, chemical, and biological oceanography; geochemical, climate and earth system modeling, and many others. The scope of this journal is regional to global, rather than local, and includes studies of any geologic age (Precambrian to Quaternary, including modern analogs). Within this framework, papers on the following topics are to be included: chronology, stratigraphy (where relevant to correlation of paleoceanographic events), paleoreconstructions, paleoceanographic modeling, paleocirculation (deep, intermediate, and shallow), paleoclimatology (e.g., paleowinds and cryosphere history), global sediment and geochemical cycles, anoxia, sea level changes and effects, relations between biotic evolution and paleoceanography, biotic crises, paleobiology (e.g., ecology of “microfossils” used in paleoceanography), techniques and approaches in paleoceanographic inferences, and modern paleoceanographic analogs, and quantitative and integrative analysis of coupled ocean-atmosphere-biosphere processes. Paleoceanographic and Paleoclimate studies enable us to use the past in order to gain information on possible future climatic and biotic developments: the past is the key to the future, just as much and maybe more than the present is the key to the past.