Role of the gut microbiota in aging and maintenance of active longevity. Part 2

The role of intestinal microbiota in aging and maintaining active longevity is considered. The second part examines the issues of DNA damage by metabolites of various bacteria, which increases the risk of cancer. The interactions between the microbiota and the immune system, the connection between dysbiosis and the aging of the immune system, indicating specific molecular mechanisms, are described in detail. Particular attention is paid to lymphocytes of the Th17 subpopulation. Changes in the microbiome that are observed in individuals with cardiovascular diseases (arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure) are shown. The role of trimethylamine oxide and new mechanisms of damage to the cardiovascular system associated with the migration of immune cells from Peyer's patches to atherosclerotic plaques is revealed. Ideas about the relationship between the microbiome and cognitive function are given. Changes in the microbiome against the background of increased physical activity are considered. The final part of the article presents microbiome interventions aimed at increasing life expectancy and quality of life. These include diet, the use of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and medications that affect the microbiota.