在巴西火树、巴西坚果和柚木的农林系统中种植咖啡树

Sirlene Brasil de Oliveira Bezerra, L. F. B. D. Araújo, Rogerio Sebastião Correa da Costa, Victor Ferreira de Souza, R. Rocha, Marcela Campanharo, M. C. Espindula
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摘要

在农林系统(AFSs)中种植咖啡为有意提供环境服务的农民提供了多种优势,如增加当地生物多样性、减少土壤侵蚀、改善土壤水分渗透以及调节极端气候。它还具有经济吸引力,因为纳入替代系统的咖啡有可能进入价格更高、更稳定的替代市场,并产生与咖啡互补的产品。本研究旨在评估在亚马逊西南部地区的条件下,三种森林物种的不同种植密度对种植咖啡的替代种植系统组成的影响。研究于 2014 年 11 月至 2021 年 6 月在巴西 RO 省 Ouro Preto do Oeste 的 Embrapa 实验田进行。咖啡植物与三种森林物种间作:i) 巴西火树(Schizolobium parahyba var.每个实验采用的处理有四种植株密度:零(仅咖啡植株,全日照)、111 株/公顷(10 × 9 米)、222 株/公顷(10 × 4.5 米)和 444 株/公顷(5 × 4.5 米)。实验采用分小区安排,小区包括植物密度,分小区包括收获期(作物季节)。实验设计完全随机,共九次重复。用于收集数据的小区部分由种植了 12 株咖啡的一行组成。对五次收获期(2017-2021 年)内咖啡植株的平均产量和累计产量进行了评估。在咖啡田中种植巴西杉,会降低 C. canephora 'Conilon' 在前五个商业作物年度的平均产量和累计产量。巴西坚果和柚木的种植密度高达每公顷 222 棵,但不会导致咖啡植株的平均产量和累计产量降低。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Growing Coffea canephora in agroforestry systems with Brazilian firetree, Brazil nut, and teak
Planting coffee in agroforestry systems (AFSs) provides diverse advantages to farmers interested in producing environmental services, such as increased local biodiversity, reduction in soil erosion, improvement in water infiltration into the soil, and regulation of climate extremes. It can also be economically attractive due to the possibility of serving alternative markets that have higher and more stable prices for coffees integrated into alternative systems and the generation of products complementary to coffee. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different planting densities of three forest species on the composition of AFSs with coffee plants under the conditions of the southwestern Amazon region. The study was conducted from November 2014 to June 2021 in the experimental field of Embrapa in Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO, Brazil. The coffee plants were intercropped with three forest species: i) Brazilian firetree (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum), ii) Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), and iii) teak (Tectona grandis). The treatments used in each experiment were four plant densities of plants: zero (coffee plants only, in full sun), 111 plants ha−1 (10 × 9 m), 222 plants ha−1 (10 × 4.5 m), and 444 plants ha−1 (5 × 4.5 m). The experiments were conducted in a split-plot arrangement, with plots consisting of plant densities and subplots consisting of harvest periods (crop seasons). The experimental design was completely randomized, with nine replications. The part of the plot used for data collection consisted of one planted row with 12 coffee plants. The average and accumulated productivities of coffe plants were evaluated over five harvests (2017-2021). Afforestation of the coffee field with Brazilian firetree plants reduces the mean yield and cumulative yield of C. canephora ‘Conilon’ in the first five commercial crop years. Brazil nut and teak planted at densities of up to 222 trees per hectare did not lead to a reduction in the mean and cumulative yield of coffee plants.
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