激光技术在痔疮治疗中的应用(文献综述)

M. G. Yusova, V. Korolik, A. M. Kuzminov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

痔疮是肛门直肠部位最常见的疾病之一,是严重的医疗和社会经济问题,极大地影响了患者的生活质量。如果患者主诉内痔出血和脱垂,而保守治疗方法又无法治疗,那么就有必要对这种病症进行手术治疗。传统的手术治疗方法尽管效果显著,但也有许多明显的缺点,如术后疼痛剧烈、肛管伤口愈合时间长、长时间不能工作,以及可能出现肛管狭窄、直肠闭锁不全和肛瘘等并发症。最近,由于痔疮手术治疗医疗技术的积极发展,出现了许多新的微创治疗方法,其中包括使用不同波长的激光,这些方法不仅效率高,而且具有降低术后疼痛综合征的强度、减少术中和术后早期并发症的频率以及可以在门诊实施这些技术等优点。根据痔疮疾病的不同阶段以及激光辐射的不同类型,使用了各种方法来影响疾病发病机制中的一个或两个环节(血管和机械)。本文回顾了现代文献数据,分析了使用各种激光治疗痔疮疾病的经验。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Use of laser technologies in the treatment of hemorrhoids (Literature review)
Hemorrhoids are one of the most common diseases of the anorectal region, representing a serious medical and socio-economic problem that significantly affects the quality of life of patients. Surgical treatment of this pathology is necessary in cases where the patient complains of bleeding and prolapse of internal hemorrhoids, which cannot be treated with conservative methods. Traditional methods of surgical treatment of this pathology, despite their effectiveness, have a number of significant disadvantages, such as severe pain after surgery, prolonged healing of anal canal wounds, a long period of incapacity for work, as well as possible complications in the form of strictures of the anal canal, insufficiency of the rectal obturator, and anal fistulas. Recently, due to the active development of medical technology in the surgical treatment of hemorrhoids, many new minimally invasive treatment methods have appeared, including the use of lasers with different wavelengths, which have demonstrated high efficiency along with such advantages as reducing the intensity of postoperative pain syndrome, decreasing the frequency of intraoperative and early postoperative complications, as well as the possibility of outpatient implementation of these techniques. Depending on the stage of hemorrhoidal disease, as well as the type of laser radiation, various methods that affect one or both (vascular and mechanical) links in the pathogenesis of the disease are used. This article provides a review of modern literature data and analyzes the experience of using various lasers in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease.
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