利用优化模型确定电能消耗的极限值

A. Zamulko, Yuliia Chernetska, Anton Prasol
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在 2022/2023 年的供暖季节,由于俄罗斯联邦的军事侵略和对电力设施的定点袭击,乌克兰综合电力系统出现了严重的电力能源短缺。对用户强行实施了限制计划和紧急切断。在这种前所未有的破坏电力供应安全的情况下,确定电能和电力消耗限值的问题对电力市场参与者来说具有新的意义。在本研究中,根据向三类用户出售电能获得最大收入的标准,设定并解决了确定最佳用电限值的问题:"关键基础设施"、"家庭 "和 "非家庭消费者"。这三个特定群体的形成与电力市场的价格歧视和无限制供应关键基础设施的需要有关。建议将优化模型中的决策变量指定为提供电能需求的分数(单位分数),这样可以为所有配电系统运营商建立平等的限制条件。考虑到电能作为一种商品的社会意义,在基本优化模型中加入了一个额外的约束条件:"家庭 "组决策变量的下限。通过 MS Excel 电子表格建模,根据制度日电力负荷测量结果的报告数据,对提出的优化模型进行了核准。在乌克兰综合电力系统电能赤字值和 "家庭 "组附加约束条件值不同的情况下,提供了计算实验结果,特别是对电力市场运作所含约束条件后果的定量估计。所提出的确定电能消耗极限值的方法可以使按照预定规则进行决策的程序正规化,从而实现有限资源的公平分配。关键词:电能消耗、短缺、限值、优化建模、电子表格模型。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Determination of the limit values of electric energy consumption using optimization modeling
In the heating season of 2022/2023, as a result of the military aggression of the Russian Federation and targeted attacks on electric power facilities, a significant shortage of electric energy occurred in the Integrated power system of Ukraine. Restriction schedules and emergency disconnection of consumers were forcibly applied. In the conditions of such an unprecedented violation of the security of electricity supply, the problem of determining the limit values of electric energy and power consumption has gained new relevance for the electricity market participants. In this study, the problem of determining the optimal limit values of electricity consumption based on the criterion of maximum income from its sale to three groups of consumers was set and solved: "Critical infrastructure", "Households" and "Non-household consumers". The formation of the three specified groups is related to price discrimination in the electricity market and the need to supply critical infrastructure facilities without limits. The decision variables in the optimization model are proposed to be specified in fractions of the provision of electrical energy needs (unit fractions), which allows for establishing equal conditions regarding restrictions for all distribution system operators. To take into account the social significance of electric energy as a commodity, an additional constraint was included to the basic optimization model: the lower limit of the decision variable for the "Households" group. Approbation of the proposed optimization model was carried out using spreadsheet modeling in MS Excel on reported data on the results of electrical load measurements on regime days. The results of computational experiments are presented for the conditions of different values of the deficit of electric energy in the Integrated power system of Ukraine and different values of the additional constraint for the «Households» group, in particular, quantitative estimates of the consequences of the included constraints for the functioning of the electricity market. The proposed method of determining the limit values of electric energy consumption allows to formalize the procedure for decision-making according to predetermined rules and thereby achieve a fair distribution of limited resources. Keywords: electric energy consumption, shortage, limit value, optimization modelling, spreadsheet model.
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