通过专利演变评估中国绿色创新的发展:政府政策和民营企业的标志

Alexandre Coussa, Philippe Gugler, Jonathan Reidy
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摘要

目的本文旨在对中国的绿色创新(GI)进行全面概述,通过回顾 2000 年至 2019 年 GI 的演变过程,以及主要的技术类型、参与者和本地化情况来实现这一目的。本研究使用欧洲专利局数据库(PATSTAT)中的专利数据,并对这些数据进行处理,以绘制趋势图,并确定绿色创新的主要贡献者和此类创新的地点。研究结果主要结果显示,2008 年危机后,地理创新与非绿色创新之间的差异越来越大。研究还发现,太阳能似乎是中国绿色创新的主要组成部分,2008 年后,太阳能从光伏热能转向太阳能光伏发电。其他领域,如废物管理、温室气体捕获和气候变化适应,创新性较弱。企业在各类创新的发展中发挥着至关重要的作用。从申请地点来看,绿色专利主要集中在中国三大特大城市。本研究还强调了中国政府的重要作用,中国政府主导的政策塑造了绿色专利的发展轨迹和形式。它向读者全面展示了中国的绿色政策和创新现实。因此,研究结果可用于加深对中国地理信息演变的理解,并有助于提出新的研究问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Assessing the development of green innovation in China through patent evolution: the hallmark of government policy and private enterprises
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive overview of green innovation (GI) in China, which is carried out by reviewing the evolution of GI from 2000 to 2019, and the main type of technology, actors and localizations. When appropriate, GI is compared to non-GI.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses patent data from the European Patent Office database (PATSTAT); these data are processed to map trends and identify the main contributors to GI and the location of such innovation. The findings are then discussed and complemented with academic literature.FindingsKey findings reveal an increasing divergence between GI and nongreen innovation after the 2008 crisis. It is also observed that solar energy appears to be the main component of GI in China, with a shift from photovoltaic thermal energy to solar photovoltaic energy after 2008. Other areas, such as waste management, greenhouse gases capture and climate change adaptation, are less innovative. Companies play an essential role in the development of all types of innovation. In terms of location, green patents are mainly filed in China’s three main megacities. The study also highlights the significant role of the Chinese state, which led policies shaping the trajectories and forms of GI.Originality/valueThis study expands knowledge on GI in China, highlighting its main specificities and the role of key actors. It provides to the reader a comprehensive picture of China’s green policies and innovation realities. The results can therefore be used to improve the understanding of GI evolution in China and facilitate the formulation of new research questions.
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