用于噪声环境中声学发射监测的匹配滤波器:应用于断线检测

Acoustics Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI:10.3390/acoustics6010011
Alexander Lange, Ronghua Xu, Max Kaeding, Steffen Marx, Joern Ostermann
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引用次数: 0

摘要

为确保结构的安全性和可靠性,必须对重要的民用基础设施进行定期检查。迄今为止,这些检查主要是人工进行的,存在一些缺陷。在预应力混凝土结构中,钢筋很容易受到应力腐蚀开裂的影响,这可能会导致单根钢筋断裂,而这种断裂是肉眼无法观察到的。因此,最近的研究建议采用声发射监测来检测预应力混凝土结构中的断丝。然而,在风力涡轮机等嘈杂环境中,基于用户定义振幅阈值的传统声发射检测可能并不适用。因此,我们建议使用匹配滤波器进行噪声环境中的声发射检测,并将所建议的方法应用于后张法风力发电机塔中的断线检测任务。基于在大型测试框架上人工进行的断线和回弹锤测试,我们分别采用了粗暴搜索法来寻找最合适的断线事件和回弹锤撞击的查询信号。然后,我们对 500 多个其他断线信号和一台运行中的风力发电机约一周的连续声发射记录进行了信号检测性能评估。在信噪比为 0 dB 的情况下,与最先进的基于振幅的检测方法相比,匹配滤波器方法对断线和回弹锤询问信号的 AUC 提高了 0.78。即使是最初在 12 米大的实验室测试框架上记录的未缩放断线测量值,AUC 的改进仍然介于 0.01 和 0.25 之间,具体取决于评估时考虑的风力涡轮机噪声记录。因此,匹配滤波器可能是基于振幅的检测算法的一种有前途的替代方法,值得声发射监测特别考虑,尤其是在嘈杂环境中或需要稀疏传感器网络时。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Matched Filter for Acoustic Emission Monitoring in Noisy Environments: Application to Wire Break Detection
Regular inspections of important civil infrastructures are mandatory to ensure structural safety and reliability. Until today, these inspections are primarily conducted manually, which has several deficiencies. In context of prestressed concrete structures, steel tendons can be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking, which may result in breakage of individual wires that is visually not observable. Recent research therefore suggests Acoustic Emission Monitoring for wire break detection in prestressed concrete structures. However, in noisy environments, such as wind turbines, conventional acoustic emission detection based on user-defined amplitude thresholds may not be suitable. Thus, we propose the use of matched filters for acoustic emission detection in noisy environments and apply the proposed method to the task of wire break detection in post-tensioned wind turbine towers. Based on manually conducted wire breaks and rebound hammer tests on a large-scale test frame, we employ a brute-force search for the most suitable query signal of a wire break event and a rebound hammer impact, respectively. Then, we evaluate the signal detection performance on more than 500 other wire break signals and approximately one week of continuous acoustic emission recordings in an operating wind turbine. For a signal-to-noise ratio of 0 dB, the matched filter approach shows an improvement in AUC by up to 0.78 for both, the wire break and the rebound hammer query signal, compared to state-of-the-art amplitude-based detection. Even for the unscaled wire break measurements originally recorded at the 12 m large laboratory test frame, the improvement in AUC still lies between 0.01 and 0.25 depending on the wind turbine noise recordings considered for evaluation. Matched filters may therefore be a promising alternative to amplitude-based detection algorithms and deserve particular consideration with regard to Acoustic Emission Monitoring, especially in noisy environments or when sparse senor networks are required.
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