Neuroprotective Effect of Aurothioglucose-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles in an Aluminum Chloride-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Background: In Ayurvedic medicine, herbal, metallic, and herbometalic preparations gain recognition for treating physiological maladies. Aurothioglucose serves as a pharmaceutical intervention for the management of rheumatoid arthritis and can be potential as a potential pharmacological agent for mitigating neuronal toxicity. Objective: The current study was planned to explore the neuroprotective potential of aurothioglucose-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles against aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced Alzheimer's Disease. Method: In the in vivo study, AlCl3 (100 mg/kg, 21 days) was orally administered to rats, while, Aurothioglucose (ATG) and ATG NPs (Nanoparticles) (5, 10 mg/kg and 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, s.c.) were administered sub-cutaneous for a duration of 2 weeks. Following the treatment regimen, neurobehavioral evaluations were conducted utilizing the Open Field Test (OFT), Morris Water Maze (MWM), and Object Recognition Test (ORT). Subsequently, the rats were euthanized, and hippocampal tissue samples were procured for the assessment of biochemical and neuroinflammatory markers. Results: In the in-vivo experiment, the administration of both ATG and ATGNPs elicited a noteworthy reversal of cognitive impairments, biochemical perturbations, and neuroinflammatory markers induced by AlCl3. These observations suggest that ATG NPs demonstrate superior neuroprotective capabilities compared to ATG alone. Conclusion: The observed therapeutic outcomes imply that ATG and ATG NPs conferred amelioration against AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in rats through mechanisms involving antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Hence, ATG NPs could be a potential drug for correcting Alzheimer’s disease.