In vivo Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Effect of Oil Extracted from Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1838) on Strain Wistar Rats

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of death and disability, the main cause of which is hyperlipidemia. This work aimed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant in vivo potential of oil extracted from Sardinella maderensis on rats. The oil was extracted according to the method of Bligh and Dyer and underwent chemical analysis prior to in vivo assays. After studying in vivo the acute toxicity of S. maderensis oil, their antihyperlipidemic was assessed. Twenty-four male Wistar adult rats were randomly divided into four groups of 6 rats each. During a three-week experiment, group 1 was fed with standard laboratory diet (SLD); group 2 received SLD supplemented with boiled egg yolk (5 g/day/rat); group 3 was fed with SLD supplemented with S. maderensis oil (1 g/day/kg of body mass) and group 4 was fed with SLD supplemented with boiled egg yolk and S. maderensis oil. Liver, lung, kidney, adipose tissues and heart were later removed, weighted and analyzed. Some blood biochemical and oxidative stress parameters were also measured. Results showed that S. maderensis oil was siccative, good quality with a lethal dose greater than 5000 mg/Kg of CP and no signs of toxicity were observed. Hyperlipidemic diet increased significantly (p ˂ 0.05) lipid profil, glycemia, uremia, activity of transaminase and γGT, oxidative stress in group 2 compared to other groups. Supplementation with S. maderensis oil significantly (p˂0.05) reduced Lee's index, weight gain and BMI by 8.12%, 26.33% and 19.11% respectively in group 4 compared with group 2. Supplementation with S. maderensis oil decreased significantly (p ˂ 0.05) total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, glycemia, proteinemia and increased levels of HDL-cholesterol in group 4 compared to group 2. Supplementation with S. maderensis oil significantly (p < 0.05) reduced TBARS levels by 54.36% and significantly (p < 0.05) increased GSH levels, SOD, CAT and PON-1 activity by 64.90%, 20.76%, 48.70% and 7.47 respectively in group 4 compared to group 2. This study shows that S. maderensis oil can be used in prevention of hyperlipidemia.