用高效薄层色谱法初步定性分析薯蓣科、豆科、毛茛科、黄花菜科、毛莨科一些代表植物样品中是否含有类固醇苷元

A. E. Sukhanov, I. A. Krylov, V. V. Sepp, K. S. Bakulin
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摘要

介绍。本文介绍了采用高效薄层色谱法(HPTLC)对薯蓣科、毛茛科、豆科、黄花菜科、毛莨科的各种植物样品(风干原料)进行的原创性研究的结果。采用 HPTLC 法对从薯蓣科、毛茛科、豆科、黄花菜科、毛莨科植物的地上和地下无性样本中提取的水解提取物中甾体苷元成分进行初步定性分析。在超声波浴中用 50 % 的异丙醇水溶液(c.p.)从脱水前的原材料中提取,然后酸性水解 O 型糖苷键,蒸发并将干残留物重新溶解在 99 % 的甲醇(c.p.)中;通过孔径为 20 µm 的过滤器过滤悬浮固体,进行纯化。HPTLC 在复杂的 CAMAG(瑞士)仪器上进行,使用 HPTLC 铝片硅胶 60 F254 板 20 × 20 厘米,切割成 20 × 10 厘米大小。在 254 纳米波长下进行密度扫描后,我们发现异丙醇提取物分离后在强甲醇中重新溶解的溶剂系统可以相当容易地分离和鉴定所研究的化合物。我们将植物提取物的轨迹与甾体苷元的标准样品进行了比较,后者的甲醇溶液适用于轨迹 1 的一个染色探针,前提是它们在衍生后具有不同的 Rf 指数和颜色。初步鉴定了新梢薯蓣和高加索薯蓣根茎和根提取物中的薯蓣皂苷,以及三棱草种子中的薯蓣皂苷。菝葜皂苷元在日本槐果实提取物中得到验证,虎杖苷元在白茅种子、白头翁草本植物和马鞭草草本植物提取物中得到验证。在白茅种子和马鞭草的提取物中检测到了山甙元。这项工作是探索性的,通过选定提取物中的苷元来评估某些皂苷的存在。我们将优化高效液相色谱分离程序,并选择其他检测方法,以明确评估所研究的苷元在衍生化和保留指数匹配后的共存情况:有几对甾体苷元具有相同的保留,我们决定将它们归类为混合物,以便在组内进行分离,随后与原始提取物进行比较,从而确定这些提取物中的苷元或其他苷元。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Preliminary Qualitative Analysis of Plant Samples by High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography for the Presence of Steroid Sapogenins of Some Representatives of the Dioscoreacae, Fabaceae, Ranunculaceae, Melanthiaceae, Scrophulariaceae
Introduction. Results of original research carried out by means of high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) of various plant samples (air-dry raw material) of Dioscoreaceae, Ranunculaceae, Fabaceae, Melanthiaceae, Scrophulariaceae families are presented in this article.Aim. To carry out preliminary qualitative analysis by HPTLC method of steroidal sapogenins composition in hydrolyzed extracts, obtained from vegetative samples of above-ground and underground organs of some Dioscoreaceae, Ranunculaceae, Fabaceae, Melanthiaceae, Scrophulariaceae families.Materials and methods. Extraction from pre-dehydrated raw materials was carried out with 50 % aqueous isopropanol (c.p.) in an ultrasonic bath, followed by acidic hydrolysis of O-glycoside bonds, evaporation and redissolution of dry residue in 99 % methanol (c.p.); purification from suspended solids by filtering through filters with 20 µm perforation diameter. HPTLC was performed on apparatus complex CAMAG (Switzerland) using HPTLC Aluminium sheets Silica gel 60 F254 plates 20 × 20 cm, which were cut to the size 20 × 10 cm.Results and discussion. After scanning densitometry at 254 nm, we found that the separation of isopropanol extracts, followed by redissolution in strong methanol in this solvent system allows a fairly acceptable separation and identification of the compounds studied. Comparison of the tracks of plant extracts was performed with standard samples of steroid sapogenins, whose methanol solutions were applied to one stain-strobe of track 1, provided that they had different Rf indices and coloration after derivatization.Conclusion. Diosgenin was identified in plant extracts of rhizomes and roots of Dioscorea nipponica and Dioscorea caucasica and in seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum preliminarily. Sarsasapogenin was verified in extracts of fruits of Sophora japonica, tigogenin in extracts of seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum, herb of Pulsatilla patens and herb of Veronica officinalis. Yamogenin was detected in extracts of seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum and herb of Veronica officinalis. This work is exploratory in nature, assessing the presence of certain saponins by their sapogenins in selected extracts. We will optimize the HPLC separation procedure and choose other detection methods to unambiguously assess the co-presence of the studied sapogenins with approximately the same staining shades after derivatization and matching retention indices: there are pairs of steroidal sapogenins that have the same retention, we decided to group them in mixtures so that there would be separation within the group and subsequent comparison with the original extracts would make it possible to identify those or other sapogenins in such extracts.
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