评估精确配料对育成肉牛生产效率的影响

Ruminants Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI:10.3390/ruminants4010007
Santana Hanson, Erin. R. DeHaan, F. Francis, W. Rusche, Zachary K. Smith
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引用次数: 0

摘要

两个随机整群设计实验评估了育成日粮中不同程度的原料添加精度对生长性能和胴体性状的影响。处理方法包括:(1)正常添加容许量,所有原料的容许量为 0.454 千克(CON);(2)可变添加容许量,即随机增加或减少每种原料的添加量,但要满足每日投喂量的目标(VAR)。在实验中1 中,黑色安格斯小母牛(n = 60;初始缩水体重 = 460 ± 26.2 千克)被用于 112 天的实验。共使用了 10 个围栏(5 个围栏/处理,6 头母牛/围栏)。目标日粮(以 DM 为基础)由高水分玉米穗(75%)、干酒糟(20%)和液体添加剂(5%)组成。DDGS和LS的饲喂添加率与配方目标值相差-20%、-15%、-10%、-5%、0%、+5%、+10%、+15%或+20%。对 HMEC 的添加量进行了调整,以便每天都能达到日粮的目标添加量。处理不会改变ADG、DMI、G:F、HCW、拌料百分比、肋眼面积、肋脂肪、USDA大理石纹评分、KPH、产量等级、零售产量、空体脂肪或估计EBF为28%时的体重,也不会改变肝脓肿的发生率或严重程度(p ≥ 0.15)。在实验 2 中,夏洛莱-安格斯杂交母牛(n = 128;初始缩水体重 = 505 ± 32.1 千克)被用于 94 天的实验。阉牛被分配到围栏中(8 个围栏/处理;8 头阉牛/围栏),并采用实验 1 中使用的两种管理策略中的一种。日粮包括(以 DM 计)干轧玉米(63%)、干酒糟加溶质(15%)、液体补充剂(5%)、干草(7%)和玉米青贮(10%)。除 LS 添加量保持不变外,其他成分的随机添加方式与实验 1 相同。对玉米青贮的添加量进行了调整,以便每天都能提供目标日粮量。来自 VAR 的陡坡牛的 DMI 增加(p = 0.01),但 ADG 相近(p = 0.75),导致 G:F 和用于维持和增重的生长性能预测净能降低(p ≤ 0.02)。处理不会影响(p ≥ 0.38)HCW、拌料百分比、肋眼面积、肋脂肪、KPH、产量等级、零售产量、空体脂肪或估计 EBF 为 28% 时的体重。VAR 的 USDA 肉质评分有增加的趋势(p = 0.08)。在本实验条件下,随机改变原料比例会影响生长性能和效率指标,具体取决于饲喂的育成日粮类型。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evaluation of Precision Ingredient Inclusion on Production Efficiency Responses in Finishing Beef Cattle
Two randomized complete block design experiments evaluated the influence that varying degrees of ingredient inclusion accuracy in a finishing diet have on growth performance and carcass traits. Treatments included (1) normal inclusion tolerance with a 0.454 kg tolerance for all ingredients (CON) or (2) variable inclusion tolerance where each ingredient was randomly increased or decreased but the targeted as-fed quantity for the daily delivery was met (VAR). In Experiment. 1, black Angus heifers (n = 60; initial shrunk BW = 460 ± 26.2 kg) were used in a 112 d experiment. Ten pens in total (5 pens/treatment, 6 heifers/pen) were used. The targeted diet (DM basis) consisted of high-moisture ear corn (75%), dried distiller’s grains (20%), and a liquid supplement (5%). As-fed inclusion rates for DDGS and LS varied from formulated targets by −20, −15, −10, −5, 0, +5, +10, +15 or +20%. The HMEC inclusion was adjusted so that the targeted as-fed amount of the diet was delivered daily. Treatment did not alter ADG, DMI, G:F, HCW, dressing percentage, rib-eye area, rib fat, USDA marbling score, KPH, yield grade, retail yield, empty body fat, or body weight at 28% estimated EBF, nor liver abscess prevalence or severity (p ≥ 0.15). In Exp. 2, Charolais–Angus cross steers (n = 128; initial shrunk BW = 505 ± 32.1 kg) were used in a 94 d experiment. Steers were assigned to pens (8 pens/treatment; 8 steers/pen) and one of the two management strategies used in Exp. 1 was employed. Ractopamine HCl was fed (300 mg per head daily) during the final 28 d. Diets consisted of (DM basis) dry-rolled corn (63%), dried distiller’s grains plus solubles (15%), liquid supplement (5%), grass hay (7%), and corn silage (10%). Ingredient inclusions were randomized in the same manner as Exp. 1, except LS inclusion was held constant. Corn silage inclusion was adjusted so that the targeted as-fed amount of the diet was delivered each day. Steers from VAR had increased (p = 0.01) DMI, but similar (p = 0.75) ADG resulting in reduced (p ≤ 0.02) G:F and growth-performance-predicted Net Energy for maintenance and gain. Treatment did not influence (p ≥ 0.38) HCW, dressing percentage, rib-eye area, rib fat, KPH, yield grade, retail yield, empty body fat, or body weight at 28% estimated EBF. A tendency for an increased USDA marbling score (p = 0.08) was noted in VAR. Under the conditions of this experiment, randomly altering ingredient proportions can impact growth performance and efficiency measures depending upon the type of finishing diet fed.
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