Swyer – James – McLeod syndrome in an adult male

Swyer – James syndrome, also called Swyer – James – MacLeod syndrome (SJMS), is a rare acquired disorder characterized by pulmonary artery hypoplasia, unilateral hyperlucent lungs, and usually also bronchiectasis. Adults with SJMS are often diagnosed with and treated for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchial asthma, pneumothorax, or pulmonary embolism due to the similar clinical manifestations. Underestimation of an important radiological sign – unilateral “impoverishment” of the pulmonary pattern and hyperlucent lung – leads to erroneous diagnosis and inadequate treatment. Diagnosis of SJMS involves a computed tomography scan of the chest. The aim of this work was to familiarize readers with aspects of diagnosis and detail the clinical, radiological, and other characteristics of a patient with McLeod syndrome. The described adult man was diagnosed with SJMS at the age of 32. Some typical mistakes in examinations of such patients and the lack of vigilance of radiologists in case of unilateral hyperlucent lung are presented. Conclusion. Using the example of a rare clinical case of SJMS, we demonstrated the need to consider this syndrome when diagnosing adults with unjustified shortness of breath and a history of frequently recurrent pulmonary infections, with radiological signs of unilateral pulmonary emphysema and hyperlucent lung. According to the literature and our observations, computed tomography of the chest organs is a fast and reliable method for establishing the diagnosis of SJMS.