Study of Gas Film Cooling under Large Eddy Simulation: Effect of Forward and Backward Injection on Gas Turbine Cooling Efficiency and Stability

In the design of advanced gas turbines, improving thermal efficiency and power output is crucial achieve energy saving and emission reduction goals. This necessitates raising the inlet temperature, thereby highlighting the importance developing efficient cooling technologies to ensure the longevity of hot components. Gas film cooling, as a widely used traditional cooling method, is subject to the influence of fluid dynamic characteristics, especially in unstable operating environments such as pressure fluctuations in the upstream combustion chamber and interactions between stators and rotors. This study utilized large eddy simulation to analyze the effectiveness of trench film cooling under such unstable conditions, with a specific focus on the time-averaged and transient characteristics of forward and backward injection of cooling air. The study investigated the efficacy of film cooling under pulsating flow conditions, with a blowing ratio of 1.5 under steady-state conditions, utilizing cosine and square waves as pulse boundaries, and a Strouhal number of 0.254. The research findings reveal that: 1) Contrary to the results under steady-state conditions, pulsating reverse injection led to a reduction of over 15% in time-averaged cooling efficiency and a noticeable decrease in the film coverage area compared to forward injection; this phenomenon is determined by the different flow mechanisms under steady-state and pulsating states. 2) Under a certain blowing ratio, the instability of gas film cooling is induced by the temporal fluctuations of near-wall vortices, which could result in rapid temperature changes and component failures. For pulsating forward injection, additional high film cooling unsteadiness outside the slot membrane orifices was observed. In the case of backward injection, pulsations did not lead to a significant increase in instability. These research findings provide a deeper understanding of the impact of gas film cooling on the cooling efficiency and stability of gas turbines, enabling gas film cooling technology to meet the inlet temperature requirements of advanced gas turbines, thereby reducing carbon emissions and contributing to the achievement of China's dual carbon goals.