利用基因组评估提高荷斯坦奶牛的生产性能

Vlad Olegovich Cyganok, Egor Olegovich Cyganok, Aleksey Baharev
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摘要

摘要本研究的目的是分析秋明地区荷斯坦牛的生产和繁殖质量,并与使用基因组选择技术的美国主要企业进行比较。材料和方法。研究使用了动物学、统计学和经济学方法。作为工作的一部分,解决了考虑替代幼畜的生长和发育的任务;分析了主要牛群的小母牛和母牛繁殖的主要指标;根据主要会计数据估算了母牛和头胎小母牛的产奶量;对经济中使用的母牛进行了动物技术评估;将基因组评估结果与实际产奶量进行了比较。这项工作的科学新颖性在于基因分型是在大型工业综合体的条件下进行的,因为在俄罗斯联邦的农场中基因组评估尚未广泛使用。研究成果。在 Evika-Agro 企业条件下生长的替代幼畜的生长强度指标符合该品种的世界标准,在某些情况下甚至超过了这些标准。小母牛的生长强度允许提早授精,这也有助于提早产犊 - 98% 的牲畜在 25 月龄前产犊。对牛奶产量的估计与美国先进农场的估计基本一致。"Evika-Agro LLC 利用世界基因库中的优秀种公牛来改善经济上有用的性状,从而加快了选育速度。基因组评估分析表明,产奶量的遗传基础与实际产奶量之间存在显著差异。这在终生收益指数(682 美元)和样本中最差和最好的母牛每泌乳期平均增奶量(916.2 千克)方面最为明显。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The use of genomic assessment in improving the productive qualities of Holstein cows
Abstract. Purpose of the study is analysis of productive and reproductive qualities of the Holstein cattle of the Tyumen region in comparison with the leading American enterprises using genomic selection. Materials and methods. Zootechnical, statistical and economic methods were used. As part of the work, the tasks were solved to consider the growth and development of replacement young animals; the main indicators of reproduction of heifers and cows of the main herd were analyzed; the milk productivity of cows and first-calf heifers was estimated according to the primary accounting data; a zootechnical assessment of sires used in the economy was carried out; the results of the genomic assessment were compared with the actual milk production. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that genotyping was carried out in the conditions of a large industrial complex, because the use of genomic evaluation was not widely used in farms in the Russian Federation. Research results. The indicators of the intensity of growth of replacement young animals grown in the conditions of the Evika-Agro enterprise correspond to the world standards of the breed, and in some cases exceed them. The intensity of growing heifers allows for earlier insemination, which also contributes to early calving - 98% of animals calve up to 25 months of age. Estimates of milk production are largely consistent with those of advanced farms in the United States. “Evika-Agro” LLC uses outstanding sires from the world’s gene pool to improve economically useful traits, thereby accelerating the rate of selection. Analysis of the genomic assessment showed a significant discrepancy between the genetic basis of milk production and the actual level of milk production. This is most noticeable in the lifetime earnings index ($ 682) and the average increase in milk per lactation (916.2 kg) between the worst and best heifers in the sample.
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