Growth and physiochemical properties of semi organic ammonium pentaborate dihydrate single crystal

The slow evaporation technique was used to produce nonlinear optical ammonium pentaborate dihydrate (APBDH) single crystals. The crystal lattice parameters and structure of APBDH crystal was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (S-XRD) technique with the triclinic space group. The optical band gap of the grown crystal was determined using UV–Vis spectrophotometer. There is no absorption peak was observed in the entire visible region of the spectrum. The functional groups of the APBDH crystal were identified through Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) and Fourier transform Raman (FR-Raman) analyses. The thermal decomposition and thermal stability of the grown crystal was measured using TG-DTA analyses. The laser damage threshold (LDT) analysis was used to know the ability to withstand the influence of laser on the grown crystal. Photoconductivity of the grown crystal was studied and its photocurrent and dark current behavior was examined. The surface morphology of the APBDH crystal was evaluated using HR-SEM analysis. The APBDH crystal was exhibited second harmonic generation behavior and its efficiency was calculated with different particle sizes.