Profile of various congenital anomalies in fetus detected during antenatal period among high risk mothers by Ultrasonography at Tertiary Care Centre, South Gujarat

Background: With the improvement of basic maternal and child health care services, the deaths due to malnutrition and infections are on a descending trend and due to westernization and lifestyle modifications, perinatal deaths due to anomalies are in ascending trend. Aim & Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the antenatal proportion of congenital anomalies, types, pattern of anomalies and factors associated with anomalies in Tertiary Care Centre, South Gujarat. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study in Department of Fetal Medicine of New Civil Hospital, Surat. Methods and Material: Sample size was 435. First 10 consecutive high-risk ANC patients, who were referred to Fetal Medicine department from Obstetrics and Gynecology department per day were selected. Data was collected during September 2021 to February 2022. Statistical analysis used: Frequencies, proportions and tests of significance was applied for testing the association of socio-demographic variables, clinical variables etc on presence or absence of congenital anomalies. Results: Proportion of different types of congenital anomalies in high risk pregnant mother was 17.2%. There was significant association between presence of congenital anomalies with history of irregular menstruation (p value: 0.001, OR: 5.19, [CI: 1.76-15.27]) and inadequate amniotic fluid (p value: 0.00, OR: 14.5[CI: 7.23-29.06]). Among total detected anomalies in Ultrasonography scanning, most common anomalies were Cardio-vascular system anomalies (36.4%) and Central Nervous System anomalies (24%). Conclusions: Congenital anomalies  were present in about 17 % of high risk antenatal mothers.