范式转变:理解自闭症谱系障碍的新方法

N. Ustinova, L. S. Namazova-Baranova, A. A. Baranov, E. Vishneva, Elena V. Kaitukova, T. Turti, Valerii Y. Albitskiy, Lilia R. Selimzianova, Elena A. Gorbunova, K. Efendieva
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摘要

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)在全球和我国的发病率都在大幅上升,这就要求我们必须寻找现代有效的方法来预防、诊断和治疗这类患者。与此同时,自闭症领域的大量生物医学研究成果并未在实际医疗保健中得到体现。这项工作的目的--证实为自闭症患者组织医疗护理的新方法。本文分析了自闭症研究在遗传学、表观遗传学、代谢组学、微生物组和多病症领域的成果,这些成果标志着对自闭症谱系障碍的认识发生了范式转变,需要在实践中加以实施。根据 7-p 儿科概念(儿童发展和健康规划、预防、预测、个性化、参与、多专业、渐进),证实了将科学研究成果应用于管理自闭症儿童的实际临床实践的必要性和可能性。自闭症领域的基础科学研究成果揭示了自闭症的复杂性和多面性,使我们能够谈论对这一疾病的认识范式的转变。基于新的医疗护理概念--7P儿科--科学研究成果可以转化为真正的临床实践,包括对自闭症的诊断、治疗、预防和康复效果,以及对具有神经发育特征(包括自闭症)的儿童认知行为表型的最佳轨迹进行规划。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Paradigm Shift: New Approaches to Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorders
A significant increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), both worldwide and in our country, dictates the need to search for modern and effective methods of prevention, diagnosis and medical care for such patients. At the same time, the results of numerous biomedical research in the field of autism are not reflected in practical healthcare. Aims of this work — substantiation of new approaches to the organization of medical care for people with ASD. The results of promising areas of autism research in the field of genetics, epigenetics, metabolomics, microbiome and multimorbidity, which marked a paradigm shift in the understanding of autism spectrum disorders, and requiring implementation in practice, are analyzed. Based on the concept of 7-p pediatrics (programming child development and health, preventive, predictive, personalized, participatory, multiprofessional, progressive), the necessity and possibility of implementing the results of scientific research into real clinical practice of managing children with autism are substantiated. The results of fundamental scientific research in the field of ASD, revealing their complex and multifaceted nature, allow us to talk about a paradigm shift in understanding this disorder Based on a new concept of medical care — 7P-pediatrics — the results of scientific research can be translated into real clinical practice, including diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive and rehabilitative effects on autism, as well ase programming of the optimal trajectory of the cognitive-behavioral phenotype of children with neurodevelopmental features, including ASD.
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