A. A. Basov, S. O. Vysochanskaya, O. V. Tsvirkun, T. R. Belova, S. E. Aduguzelov, Yury V. Zhernov, K. A. Yatskovsky
{"title":"俄罗斯联邦百日咳流行病学状况评估标准","authors":"A. A. Basov, S. O. Vysochanskaya, O. V. Tsvirkun, T. R. Belova, S. E. Aduguzelov, Yury V. Zhernov, K. A. Yatskovsky","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-4-13","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Differences in case definition criteria and diagnostic recommendations of pertussis between different countries, pose challenges in the analysis and effective control of disease. An important component of successful surveillance is laboratory diagnostics, which, if used in a timely and quality manner, can influence the rate of reported cases. In addition, current criteria for epidemiological surveillance do not sufficiently take into account the severity of the disease and the vaccination status of the patient, which makes it difficult to take effective preventive measures. Aims. Assess the epidemiological situation regarding pertussis infection in Russia to propose criteria for epidemiological surveillance. Materials and methods. The data was obtained from official state statistics (form No. 2 «Information on infectious and parasitic diseases», No. 5 «Information on preventive vaccinations», No. 6 «Information on the contingents of children and adults vaccinated against infectious diseases») and analytical tables developed at G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, including information on each case of pertussis and collected from the Rospotrebnadzor Directorates in the Russian Federation (in 2017–2022). Statistical data processing and plotting were carried out with R version 4.1.2. Results. From 2002 to 2017, the incidence of pertussis in Russia did not exceed the established norms. However, in 2019 there was an increase in incidence. In 2023, the incidence of pertussis reached record levels over the past 22 years – 19.0 per 100 thousand population. Vaccination rates against pertussis have remained high since 2003. The structure of cases shows that the majority of pertussis cases occur among unvaccinated children in the first year of life; deaths from pertussis are recorded annually, mainly among unvaccinated children under 2 years of age. From 2017 to 2019, the incidence among the unvaccinated was significantly higher than among the vaccinated; in 2020-2022, incidence among the unvaccinated decreased, but remained higher than among the vaccinated during the period of COVID-19 restrictive measures. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of pertussis severity in the periods before and after the COVID19 pandemic. Outbreaks of infection are mostly without spread, and in 2020-2022 the proportion of such outbreaks has increased. Schools remain the main site of infection, but the proportion of cases in kindergartens has increased. Conclusions. The following criteria for epidemiological well-being are proposed: subject to the achievement of timely vaccination coverage in 95% of people of decreed ages and timely implementation of anti-epidemic measures, there should be no deaths from pertussis, the incidence of pertussis should be sporadic and registered predominantly (more than 50% of cases) in the form of mild forms, the majority of pertussis cases occur among unvaccinated children in the first year of life (no more than 30% of vaccinated cases) and outbreaks without the spread of infection should prevail (more than 50% of cases) over outbreaks with spread.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Criteria for Assessing the Epidemiological Situation of Pertussis in Russian Federation\",\"authors\":\"A. 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The data was obtained from official state statistics (form No. 2 «Information on infectious and parasitic diseases», No. 5 «Information on preventive vaccinations», No. 6 «Information on the contingents of children and adults vaccinated against infectious diseases») and analytical tables developed at G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, including information on each case of pertussis and collected from the Rospotrebnadzor Directorates in the Russian Federation (in 2017–2022). Statistical data processing and plotting were carried out with R version 4.1.2. Results. From 2002 to 2017, the incidence of pertussis in Russia did not exceed the established norms. However, in 2019 there was an increase in incidence. In 2023, the incidence of pertussis reached record levels over the past 22 years – 19.0 per 100 thousand population. Vaccination rates against pertussis have remained high since 2003. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
相关性。不同国家在百日咳病例定义标准和诊断建议方面存在差异,这给分析和有效控制疾病带来了挑战。实验室诊断是成功监测的重要组成部分,如果能及时、高质量地使用实验室诊断,就能影响报告病例的比率。此外,目前的流行病学监测标准没有充分考虑到疾病的严重程度和患者的疫苗接种情况,因此难以采取有效的预防措施。目标评估俄罗斯百日咳感染的流行病学状况,提出流行病学监测标准。材料和方法。数据来自国家官方统计数据(第2号表格 "传染病和寄生虫病信息"、第5号表格 "预防接种信息"、第6号表格 "接种传染病疫苗的儿童和成人数量信息")以及加布里切夫斯基流行病学和微生物学研究所(G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology)编制的分析表格,其中包括从俄罗斯联邦Rospotrebnadzor局收集的每例百日咳病例信息(2017-2022年)。统计数据的处理和绘图使用 R 4.1.2 版进行。结果。2002 年至 2017 年,俄罗斯的百日咳发病率未超过既定标准。但在 2019 年,发病率有所上升。2023 年,百日咳发病率达到了过去 22 年来的最高水平--每 10 万人中有 19.0 人发病。自 2003 年以来,百日咳疫苗接种率一直保持在较高水平。病例结构显示,大多数百日咳病例发生在出生后第一年未接种疫苗的儿童中;每年都有百日咳死亡病例记录,主要发生在未接种疫苗的 2 岁以下儿童中。2017 年至 2019 年,未接种者的发病率明显高于接种者;2020 年至 2022 年,未接种者的发病率有所下降,但在 COVID-19 限制措施期间,未接种者的发病率仍高于接种者。在 COVID19 大流行前后,百日咳严重程度的分布在统计学上没有明显差异。感染暴发大多没有扩散,2020-2022 年,此类暴发的比例有所增加。学校仍是主要的感染场所,但幼儿园的病例比例有所增加。结论。提出以下流行病学健康标准:在 95%的法定年龄人口及时接种疫苗并及时采取防疫措施的前提下,不应有百日咳死亡病例,百日咳的发病率应为偶发,且以轻型病例为主(超过 50%)、大多数百日咳病例发生在出生后第一年内未接种疫苗的儿童中(不超过接种疫苗病例的 30%),无感染扩散的疫情(超过 50%的病例)应多于有感染扩散的疫情。
Criteria for Assessing the Epidemiological Situation of Pertussis in Russian Federation
Relevance. Differences in case definition criteria and diagnostic recommendations of pertussis between different countries, pose challenges in the analysis and effective control of disease. An important component of successful surveillance is laboratory diagnostics, which, if used in a timely and quality manner, can influence the rate of reported cases. In addition, current criteria for epidemiological surveillance do not sufficiently take into account the severity of the disease and the vaccination status of the patient, which makes it difficult to take effective preventive measures. Aims. Assess the epidemiological situation regarding pertussis infection in Russia to propose criteria for epidemiological surveillance. Materials and methods. The data was obtained from official state statistics (form No. 2 «Information on infectious and parasitic diseases», No. 5 «Information on preventive vaccinations», No. 6 «Information on the contingents of children and adults vaccinated against infectious diseases») and analytical tables developed at G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, including information on each case of pertussis and collected from the Rospotrebnadzor Directorates in the Russian Federation (in 2017–2022). Statistical data processing and plotting were carried out with R version 4.1.2. Results. From 2002 to 2017, the incidence of pertussis in Russia did not exceed the established norms. However, in 2019 there was an increase in incidence. In 2023, the incidence of pertussis reached record levels over the past 22 years – 19.0 per 100 thousand population. Vaccination rates against pertussis have remained high since 2003. The structure of cases shows that the majority of pertussis cases occur among unvaccinated children in the first year of life; deaths from pertussis are recorded annually, mainly among unvaccinated children under 2 years of age. From 2017 to 2019, the incidence among the unvaccinated was significantly higher than among the vaccinated; in 2020-2022, incidence among the unvaccinated decreased, but remained higher than among the vaccinated during the period of COVID-19 restrictive measures. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of pertussis severity in the periods before and after the COVID19 pandemic. Outbreaks of infection are mostly without spread, and in 2020-2022 the proportion of such outbreaks has increased. Schools remain the main site of infection, but the proportion of cases in kindergartens has increased. Conclusions. The following criteria for epidemiological well-being are proposed: subject to the achievement of timely vaccination coverage in 95% of people of decreed ages and timely implementation of anti-epidemic measures, there should be no deaths from pertussis, the incidence of pertussis should be sporadic and registered predominantly (more than 50% of cases) in the form of mild forms, the majority of pertussis cases occur among unvaccinated children in the first year of life (no more than 30% of vaccinated cases) and outbreaks without the spread of infection should prevail (more than 50% of cases) over outbreaks with spread.