Optimization Strategies for Electric Vehicle Charging and Routing: A Comprehensive Review

Based on information from recent research, by 2045, Electric Vehicles (EV) will dominate the roads with presence of more than 80% of its kind. Hence, these vehicles' grid level penetration will increase proportionally, which challenges the existing grid infrastructure in terms of its reliability and energy management capabilities. New techniques to store and consume massive quantities of energy from the power grid, as well as infusing the captive energy within the EV in response to grid demands, are emerging with the advent of electric vehicles. Everything could be handled smoothly only if we schedule the EV operation (charging/discharging) more optimally and efficiently using scheduling algorithms. Despite the existence of many routings and charging schedule computations, nature-inspired optimization approaches might play a critical role in responding to such routing challenges. Researchers have created several optimum scheduling approaches, such as Dynamic Programming, Differential Evolutionary Optimization Techniques, Collaborative Optimization Scheduling, Two-stage optimal scheduling strategy, and so on. The optimum schedule review examines the operation of an EV fleet while considering uncertainty sources and varied EV operating circumstances by integrating heuristic and meta-heuristic techniques. This paper exhibits a deep review on the various EV optimal scheduling techniques and adopted algorithms which are the emerging best practices like predictive analytics, dynamic routing, user centric planning, multi-objective optimization, etc. that reflect the industry's focus on leveraging advanced technologies, data-driven decision-making, and collaborative approaches to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of electric vehicle routing and charging scheduling.