苏联日常生活的地方研究:经验、教训和挑战

Ольга Коляструк
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摘要

本文旨在分析苏联日常生活史国内研究人员(历史学家、民族学家、文化学家、人类学家、社会学家、艺术评论家)的活动成果,这些成果在 2015-2023 年期间在文尼察国立师范大学 M. Kotsyubynskyi 举办的 "日常生活 "系列的七次全乌克兰科学和理论研讨会上做了介绍:2015-2023 年期间在文尼察国立师范大学 M. Kotsyubynskyi 举办的 "日常生活:愿景与意义 "系列的七次全乌克兰科学和理论研讨会上提出的。研究方法基于一般科学、特殊历史和跨学科方法与社会文化分析工具的结合。这项工作的科学新颖性在于,它试图通过日常生活的视角,对苏联过去问题化的地方经验进行初级(自我)分析和概括。结论文尼察师范大学日常历史研究中心科学家的倡议是在俄罗斯开始侵略的背景下发起 的,目的是回应通过普通苏联人生活世界的视野和意义对(未)完成的苏联历史进行深 入的历史人类学和社会文化研究的要求。乌克兰主要科研机构和高等院校的研究人员积极响应了专家之间开展科学和理论对话的提议。对这一历程的一些总结可以用几个论点来表达。首先,每次后续研讨会的主题选择都不是随意的。一方面,它是由公众的具体要求和研究人员的专业准备情况决定的,另一方面,它产生于之前每次研讨会的具体跨学科工作。其次,在乌克兰,来自不同科学领域的苏联过去的合格研究人员形成了一个稳定的核心,新一代研究人员对他们很感兴趣。系统的科学对话有助于扩大苏联日常生活的主题领域,深化和改进其研究方法,极大地促进了对苏联历史的充分理解和解释。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Локальні студії радянського повсякдення: досвід, уроки, виклики
The purpose of the article is an attempt to analyze the results of the activities of domestic researchers of the history of Soviet everyday life (historians, ethnologists, cultural scientists, anthropologists, sociologists, art critics), which were presented at seven all-Ukrainian scientific and theoretical seminars of the series «Everyday Life: Visions and Meanings», held at Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University M. Kotsyubynskyi during 2015-2023. The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific, special-historical and interdisciplinary methods and tools of socio-cultural analysis. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it attempts a primary (self) analysis and generalization of the local experience of the problematization of the Soviet past through the lens of everyday life. Conclusion. The initiative of the scientists of the Center for the Study of Everyday History of the Faculty of Vinnytsia Pedagogical University was launched in the context of the beginning of Russian aggression as a response to the request for an in-depth historical-anthropological and socio-cultural study of the (un)completed Soviet past through the visions and meanings of the life world of an ordinary Soviet person. Researchers of leading scientific institutions and higher educational institutions of Ukraine actively responded to the proposal of a scientific and theoretical dialogue between specialists. Some summaries of the journey can be expressed in several theses. First, the choice of topics for each subsequent seminar was not arbitrary. It is determined, on the one hand, by specific public requests and the professional readiness of researchers, and on the other hand, it arose from the specific interdisciplinary work of each previous seminar. Secondly, in Ukraine as  result, a stable core of qualified researchers of the Soviet past from various scientific fields has formed, to which new generations of researchers are interested. Systematic scientific dialogues contributed to the expansion of the subject field of Soviet everyday life, deepened and improved the methodology of its study, significantly for the development of an adequate understanding and interpretation of the Soviet past.
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