奶牛产后并发症:诊断、治疗和预防

M. D.V.Chabanenko, М. ZhelavskyiP., V. Skliarov, M. Gutyj, A. WrzecińskaF., S. Lone, V. RanaO., V. KhmelevaR., Mylostyvyi, Roman Mylostyvyi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本综述分析了国内外研究人员对奶牛产后并发症发生情况的研究,奶牛产后并发症是一个重要的兽医问题。文中介绍了各种原因引起的产后病症的诊断方法和治疗方案。子宫炎症的诊断困难和错误导致治疗不当、长期不孕和重大经济损失。根据文献分析,临床形式的子宫内膜炎往往会发展为亚临床病程。隐性子宫内膜炎可占子宫内膜炎症总数的 80%。产后子宫并发症的问题在于炎症过程会扩散到卵巢,从而导致动物完全不孕。对奶牛进行直肠检查仍是诊断子宫内膜炎的主要方法之一。治疗通常需要使用多种抗生素。此外,还介绍了奶牛产后生殖系统病变的激素原因。卵泡和黄体囊肿、及时诊断和适当治疗是一个大问题。导致囊肿的主要原因是下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的紊乱。诊断囊肿的实用方法是超声波检查,囊肿的类型可通过血液中的孕酮水平来确定。治疗囊肿的实用方法是使用激素药物。还有数据证实,微生物菌群在奶牛生殖器官炎症变化中起着重要作用。奶牛产后生殖器官炎症过程的主要致病菌类型已经给出。在患有子宫内膜炎的奶牛中,检测到子宫微生物区系失衡,类杆菌属和镰刀菌属细菌大量生长,而蛋白菌属和担子菌属细菌数量同时减少。有数据表明,瘤胃酸中毒可导致子宫发炎,这与坏死镰刀菌进入血液循环有关。用乳酸菌混合物(鼠李糖乳杆菌、酸性乳杆菌和L.reuteri)对奶牛进行阴道内治疗的有效性已得到证实。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Postpartum complications in cows: diagnosis, treatment, prevention
This review contains an analysis of domestic and foreign researchers regarding the occurrence of postpartum complications in cows, which represents a significant veterinary problem. Diagnostic methods and treatment regimens for postpartum pathologies of various origins are presented. Difficulties and errors in diagnosing uterine inflammation lead to improper treatment, prolonged infertility, and significant economic losses. Based on an analysis of the literature, it has been proven that clinical forms of endometritis often develop into a subclinical course. The proportion of hidden endometritis can account for up to 80 % of the total amount of endometrial inflammation. The problem with postpartum complications of the uterus is that the inflammatory processes spread to the ovaries, and this can lead to complete infertility in animals. Rectal examination of cows remains one of the primary methods for diagnosing endometritis. Treatment generally involves the use of a wide range of antibiotics. Data on the hormonal causes of postpartum pathologies of the reproductive system of cows are also presented. A big problem is follicular and luteal cysts, their timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The leading cause of cysts is a disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. A practical method for diagnosing cysts is ultrasound, and the type of cyst can be determined by the level of progesterone in the blood. A practical method of treating cysts is the use of hormonal drugs. Data are also presented confirming the significant role of microflora in the occurrence of inflammatory changes in the reproductive organs of cows. The main types of causative agents of inflammatory processes in the genital organs of cows in the postpartum period are given. In cows with endometritis, an imbalance of the uterine microflora is detected, and the growth of bacteria of the genus Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria with a simultaneous decrease in the number of Proteobacteria and Tenericutes. Data are presented that rumen acidosis can cause inflammation of the uterus, and this is associated with the penetration of Fusobacterium necrophorum into the blood circulation. The effectiveness of intravaginal treatment of cows with a mixture of lactic acid bacteria (L. rhamnosus, P. acidilactici, and L. reuteri) has been shown.
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